Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Increased blood pressure may be caused by the excess secretion of:

  1. Thyroxin.

  2. Testosterone.

  3. Estradiol.

  4. Adrenaline.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Increased blood pressure may be caused by the excess secretion of adrenaline. This powerful hormone is a part of the human body's acute stress response system.


 It work by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs.

Hence,option D is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Insulin production and its action in human body are responsible for the level of diabetes. This compound belongs to which of the following categories :

  1. A coezyme

  2. A hormone

  3. An enzyme

  4. An antibiotic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A hormone is a class of signaling molecules produced by glands inmulticellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour. Insulin is a hormone which are responsible for the level of sugar in blood and hence maintaining the level of diabetes.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

In an alcohol addict

  1. The blood sugar level is low

  2. The blood sugar level is high

  3. The blood sugar level is normal

  4. The sugar absorption is impaired
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Excessive alcohol consumption causes chronic inflammation of the pancreas i.e. pancreatitis, which impairs its ability to secrete insulin. Insulin is a hormone necessary for maintaining the normal concentration of glucose in the blood. It promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen i.e. glycogenesis for storage in liver and muscle cells. Deficiency of insulin raises the blood sugar glucose and may lead to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

In alcoholics, liver cells come to accumulate fat. Fat formation is stimulated by

  1. Alcohol

  2. Acetaldehyde

  3. Thiamine deciciency

  4. Folic acid deficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Alcohol is converted into acetaldehyde by alcoholic dehydrogenase. Consumption of too much alcohol affects liver and also cause hangover in which unpleasant physical and mental effects are seen due to accumulation of acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde can lead to fatty liver syndrome because it stimulates the deposition of collagen in liver. This is called alcohol induced fibrosis. The cells of liver are replaced by fibrous tissue due to which liver hardens and dries up. This ultimately leads to liver failure.
So, the correct answer is 'Acetaldehyde'.
Multiple choice group 17 elements - trends in chemical properties group 17 elements - properties p- block elements-ii p-block elements chemistry

Iodine deficiency in diet is ____.


  1. Solutions of iodine in KI are used in treatment of Goiter.


  2. Goiter is enlargement of thyroid gland.


  3. Iodine deficiency in diet is known to cause Goiter.

  4. Iodine is necessary for normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation
Iodine is necessary for normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
Iodine deficiency in diet is known to cause Goiter.
Goiter is enlargement of thyroid gland.
Solutions of iodine in KI are used in treatment of Goiter.
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following has no connection with secretion of hormones?

  1. Rickets and mongolism

  2. Diabetes mellitus and cretinism

  3. Gigantism and exophthalmia

  4. Cretinism and diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rickets is defective mineralization or calcification of bones before epiphyseal closure in immature mammals due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, leading to fractures and deformity. 

Down syndrome, trisomy 21 or the older term mongolism is a condition in which a person is born with certain distinctive features: flat face, short neck and a degree of mental delay (mental retardation). It is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra third copy of chromosome 21.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Deficiency of hormones is caused to due to

  1. Hyposecretion

  2. Hyperscretion

  3. Sweating

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  •  Hyposecretion- too little of any hormone in the body can be caused by a large pituitary tumour, which interferes with the pituitary gland's ability to produce hormones. Hence, Deficiency of hormones is caused to due to Hyposecretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyposecretion'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults leads to

  1. acromegaly

  2. goitre

  3. gigantism

  4. dwarfism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Overproduction of growth hormone causes excessive growth. In children, the condition is called gigantism. In adults, it is called acromegaly. Overproduction of growth hormone is almost always caused by a noncancerous (benign) pituitary tumor (adenoma). 

So, the correct option is 'acromegaly'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Excess of hormones is caused due to

  1. Hypersecretion

  2. Hyposecretion

  3. Endosecretion

  4. Exosecretion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Hypersecretion means excessive production of a bodily secretion. 
  • Hypersecretion - too much of any hormone in the body is caused by a secretory pituitary tumour. Hyposecretion- too little of any hormone in the body can be caused by a large pituitary tumour, which interferes with the pituitary gland's ability to produce hormones. Hence, Excess of hormones is caused due to Hypersecretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypersecretion'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hypersecretion of GH from pituitary in the adult causes a
disease called

  1. Gigantism

  2. Acromegaly

  3. Cushing's disease

  4. Addison's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hypersecretion of growth hormones or catastrophic hormone during adulthood causes acromegaly. Acromegaly patient has a gorilla like appearance with huge hands and legs.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be

  1. Dehydration

  2. Tumors

  3. Excessive intake of salts

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Prolactin levels may be elevated for any number of reasons. One of the more common cause is the formation of a benign tumour on the pituitary gland. 
  • This noncancerous growth, known as a prolactinoma, directly secretes excessive prolactin while decreasing the levels of other sex hormones. Hence, The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be Tumors
So, the correct answer is 'Tumors'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Pick out the false statement pertaining to acromegaly:

  1. oversecretion of somatotropin after adolescence causes this disease

  2. the person gets a giant stature

  3. long bones of the limbs elongate

  4. the person looks like a gorilla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

GH or STH (Growth or Somatotropin Hormone) stimulates body growth, protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Hypersecretion of this hormone during the period of skeleteal growth causes gigantism characterized by excessive growth of bones, with the enlargement of internal organs as well. Hypersecretion in adulthood causes acromegaly. Here thr, bones become abnormally thick due to ossification of periosteum and thickening of soft tissues as well. 

So the correct answer is the person gets a giant structure. 

Multiple choice zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

Which of the following has the potential of thyroid disruption properties in rodents?

  1. Atrazine

  2. Carbamate

  3. Triazole

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Both carbamates and triazoles have been studied for their potential to interfere with thyroid hormone regulation in rodent models. Therefore, both are considered to have thyroid-disrupting properties.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The pancreas has two types of cells namely islets of Langerhans and acinar cells. In the early years of research on diabetes, the extract of this gland was tested on diabetic patients. Results are tabulated. The correct interpretation is that.

Reduction in blood sugar level
A. Extract of Pancreas
B.  Islet cell Extract
C.  Acinar cell Extract

  1. Anti-diabetic factor present in extract 'C' was inactivated by extract 'A'

  2. Anti-diabetic factor present in 'A' was destroyed by 'B'

  3. Both 'A' and 'C' destroyed the anti-diabetic factor present in 'B'

  4. Anti-diabetic factor present in 'B' was destroyed by 'C'
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The result shows that the extract of the pancreas is ineffective to reduce blood sugar level. The extract contains secretions of both exocrine and endocrine parts i.e., acinar cells and islets of Langerhans respectively. Since the extract of the endocrine part which is islet of Langerhans is individually capable of reducing sugar level, this shows that some factors from acinar cells are preventing anti-diabetic factor to function.

So the correct answer is 'Anti-diabetic factor present in 'B' was destroyed by 'C'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hyposecretion of ADH causes

  1. Diabetes melitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Goitre

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Abnormal secretion of hormones brings about physical changes in the body. The hyposecretion of  ADH showcases as diabetes insipidus with increased urine output and excessive thirst. Thus, the correct answer is option B.