Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

A disorder called jaundice is primarily associated with 

  1. Skeletal system

  2. Nervous system

  3. Excretory system

  4. Digestive system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Jaundice is a viral disease. It caused by hepatitis virus A, B, C and D. Hepatitis virus causes the liver inflammation. As the old red blood cells travel to the liver, where they are broken down, from the red blood cells broken a yellow coloured pigment is released called bilirubin. When the bilirubin level rises in the liver and it affects the bile duct, which affects the digestive system. 

So, the correct answer is 'Digestive system'

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be

  1. Dehydration

  2. Tumors

  3. Excessive intake of salts

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Prolactin levels may be elevated for any number of reasons. One of the more common cause is the formation of a benign tumour on the pituitary gland. 
  • This noncancerous growth, known as a prolactinoma, directly secretes excessive prolactin while decreasing the levels of other sex hormones. Hence, The cause of hyperprolactinemia in males may be Tumors
So, the correct answer is 'Tumors'.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Pick out the false statement pertaining to acromegaly:

  1. oversecretion of somatotropin after adolescence causes this disease

  2. the person gets a giant stature

  3. long bones of the limbs elongate

  4. the person looks like a gorilla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

GH or STH (Growth or Somatotropin Hormone) stimulates body growth, protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. Hypersecretion of this hormone during the period of skeleteal growth causes gigantism characterized by excessive growth of bones, with the enlargement of internal organs as well. Hypersecretion in adulthood causes acromegaly. Here thr, bones become abnormally thick due to ossification of periosteum and thickening of soft tissues as well. 

So the correct answer is the person gets a giant structure. 

Multiple choice zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

Which of the following has the potential of thyroid disruption properties in rodents?

  1. Atrazine

  2. Carbamate

  3. Triazole

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Both carbamates and triazoles have been studied for their potential to interfere with thyroid hormone regulation in rodent models. Therefore, both are considered to have thyroid-disrupting properties.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion digestive glands liver pancreas

If for some reasons our goblet cells are non-functional. This will adversely affect

  1. Secretion of sebum from sebaceous glands

  2. Maturation of sperms

  3. Smooth movement of food down the intestine

  4. Production of somatostatin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Goblet cells secrete mucus, which acts as a lubricant in the digestive tract. A lack of mucus would lead to friction and difficulty in the movement of food through the intestine.

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

The pancreas has two types of cells namely islets of Langerhans and acinar cells. In the early years of research on diabetes, the extract of this gland was tested on diabetic patients. Results are tabulated. The correct interpretation is that.

Reduction in blood sugar level
A. Extract of Pancreas
B.  Islet cell Extract
C.  Acinar cell Extract

  1. Anti-diabetic factor present in extract 'C' was inactivated by extract 'A'

  2. Anti-diabetic factor present in 'A' was destroyed by 'B'

  3. Both 'A' and 'C' destroyed the anti-diabetic factor present in 'B'

  4. Anti-diabetic factor present in 'B' was destroyed by 'C'
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The result shows that the extract of the pancreas is ineffective to reduce blood sugar level. The extract contains secretions of both exocrine and endocrine parts i.e., acinar cells and islets of Langerhans respectively. Since the extract of the endocrine part which is islet of Langerhans is individually capable of reducing sugar level, this shows that some factors from acinar cells are preventing anti-diabetic factor to function.

So the correct answer is 'Anti-diabetic factor present in 'B' was destroyed by 'C'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The hyposecretion of ADH causes

  1. Diabetes melitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Goitre

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Abnormal secretion of hormones brings about physical changes in the body. The hyposecretion of  ADH showcases as diabetes insipidus with increased urine output and excessive thirst. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Find the odd one out.

  1. Parathyroid - tetany

  2. Pancreas - diabetes insipidus

  3. Adrenal cortex - Cushing's syndrome

  4. Thyroid - goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 

ADH is synthesised in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. Its deficiency causes an inability to concentrate urine in the distal renal tubules. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gorilla like man with large head and hands and protruding jaws, is produced due to

  1. Over secretion of thyroxin

  2. Over secretion of growth hormone since maturity

  3. Excess of vitamin 'C' in diet

  4. Excess secretion of TSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. When this happens, bones increase in size, including those of hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The rise of blood sugar above the normal level is known as

  1. Hyperglycemia

  2. Hypoglycemia

  3. Glucosuria

  4. Glycolysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar (glucose), is a serious health problem for those with diabetes. Hyperglycemia develops, when there is too much sugar in the blood.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Blood sugar level can be decreased by

  1. Insulin given from mouth

  2. Glucagon given through mouth

  3. Intravenous injection of insulin

  4. Intravenous injection of glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Intravenous injection of insulin is the injection of insulin directly into the blood. It is used to control blood sugar in people, where the body does not make insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin cannot be taken orally because the oral dose of insulin degenerates in the stomach by digestive enzymes. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

MSH produced by the pars intermedia of pituitary causes in lower vertebrates

  1. Darkening of skin

  2. Light colouration of skin

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

MSH stimulates secretion of melanin from pigment cells in the skin and thereby causes skin darkening as required for camouflage in some lower vertebrates. Depending on the amount of melanin and carotene, the colour of skin is determined from pale yellow to dark. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which one of the following pair correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

  1. Insulin- Diabetes insipidus

  2. Thyroxine- Tetany

  3. Parathyroid hormone- Diabetes mellitus

  4. Luteinizing hormone- Failure of ovulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Undersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus type I while myxedema is caused by thyroxine deficiency in adults. Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone causes increased excitability of muscles and their sustained contraction referred to as parathyroid tetany. Luteinizing hormone deficiency causes failure of ovulation as LH surge during midcycle stimulates rupture of Graffian follicle. 

So, the correct answer is option 'Luteinizing hormone- Failure of ovulation'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Acromegaly is a disease caused by 

  1. Over secretion of growth hormone in childhood.

  2. Over secretion of growth hormone in adulthood.

  3. Under secretion of growth hormone in adulthood.

  4. Deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the diet.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acromegaly is the abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face. It is caused when there is oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) in adulthood. Similarly, oversecretion of growth hormone in childhood causes Gigantism. 

It is usually caused by a non-cancerous tumor in the pituitary gland.
Its symptoms include large hands and feet, thick lips, coarse facial features, a jutting forehead and jaw, and widely spaced teeth. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology coordination and response control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction

When an endotherms body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors send information to the hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus will send out signals that cause

  1. The organism to seek warmer climate.

  2. The production of brown fat in the neck.

  3. Vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels.

  4. Vasoconstriction (narrowing) of blood vessels.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Endotherms are animals which use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature. For example, birds and mammals.
  • When an endotherms body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors send information to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus will send out signals that cause the organism to seek a warmer climate.
  • For example, when human body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors present in our body send signals to the hypothalamus. Then the hypothalamus will send out signals that cause us to seek a warmer climate.
  • So, the correct answer is 'The organism to seek warmer climate'.