Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Which one of the following hormone has potential to prevent certain chronic disease like cancer and multiple sclerosis?

  1. Melatonin

  2. Testosterone

  3. Estrogen

  4. Dehydro-epiandro sterone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an important endogenous steroid hormone. It is the most abundant circulating steroid hormone in humans. DHEA is used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis (MS), low levels of steroid hormones (Addison disease), depression, schizophrenia, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and to slow the progression of Parkinson disease. It is also used for preventing heart disease, breast cancer, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. DHEA is used for weight loss, for decreasing the symptoms of menopause, and for boosting the immune system. It is naturally produced in the human body.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels?

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Hypertension

  3. Dyslipidemia

  4. Obesity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of insulin?

  1. Inhibits gluconeogenesis

  2. Stimulates glycogen synthesis

  3. Increases glucose uptake by cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin has multiple mechanisms of action, including inhibiting gluconeogenesis, stimulating glycogen synthesis, and increasing glucose uptake by cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones?

  1. Hypoglycemia

  2. Weight gain

  3. Edema

  4. Lactic acidosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Weight gain is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones, which are a class of antidiabetic drugs.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of levothyroxine?

  1. Inhibits thyroid peroxidase

  2. Increases thyroid hormone production

  3. Decreases thyroid hormone production

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Levothyroxine is a synthetic thyroid hormone that increases thyroid hormone production.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of glucocorticoids?

  1. Cushing's syndrome

  2. Hyperglycemia

  3. Immunosuppression

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Glucocorticoids can cause a variety of adverse effects, including Cushing's syndrome, hyperglycemia, and immunosuppression.

Multiple choice

What is the primary mechanism of action of antithyroid drugs?

  1. Inhibits thyroid peroxidase

  2. Increases thyroid hormone production

  3. Decreases thyroid hormone production

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Antithyroid drugs inhibit thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme involved in thyroid hormone production.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of androgen therapy?

  1. Acne

  2. Hirsutism

  3. Deepening of the voice

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Androgen therapy can cause a variety of adverse effects, including acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a risk of parathyroidectomy?

  1. Hypoparathyroidism

  2. Hyperparathyroidism

  3. Thyroid storm

  4. Adrenal insufficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition in which the parathyroid glands do not produce enough parathyroid hormone (PTH). This can lead to low blood calcium levels and a variety of symptoms, including muscle cramps, tingling sensations, and seizures.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a complication of adrenal surgery?

  1. Adrenal insufficiency

  2. Hypertension

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. Obesity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenal insufficiency is a condition in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of endocrine surgery performed on children?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Pituitary surgery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroidectomy is the most common type of endocrine surgery performed on children. It is typically performed to treat thyroid cancer or Graves' disease.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a risk of pituitary surgery?

  1. Diabetes insipidus

  2. Adrenal insufficiency

  3. Hypothyroidism

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pituitary surgery can damage the pituitary gland and lead to a variety of hormonal deficiencies, including diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, and hypothyroidism.

Multiple choice

What is the most common type of endocrine surgery performed on the elderly?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Pituitary surgery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroidectomy is the most common type of endocrine surgery performed on the elderly. It is typically performed to treat thyroid cancer or Graves' disease.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a risk of endocrine surgery?

  1. Infection

  2. Bleeding

  3. Nerve damage

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Endocrine surgery can be associated with a variety of risks, including infection, bleeding, and nerve damage.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed on patients with Cushing's syndrome?

  1. Thyroidectomy

  2. Parathyroidectomy

  3. Adrenalectomy

  4. Pituitary surgery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenalectomy is a type of endocrine surgery that is performed on patients with Cushing's syndrome. It is used to remove the adrenal glands, which produce the hormone cortisol.