Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Find the odd one out.

  1. Parathyroid - tetany

  2. Pancreas - diabetes insipidus

  3. Adrenal cortex - Cushing's syndrome

  4. Thyroid - goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 

ADH is synthesised in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary. Its deficiency causes an inability to concentrate urine in the distal renal tubules. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Gorilla like man with large head and hands and protruding jaws, is produced due to

  1. Over secretion of thyroxin

  2. Over secretion of growth hormone since maturity

  3. Excess of vitamin 'C' in diet

  4. Excess secretion of TSH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that develops when pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone during adulthood. When this happens, bones increase in size, including those of hands, feet and face. Acromegaly usually affects middle-aged adults.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

The rise of blood sugar above the normal level is known as

  1. Hyperglycemia

  2. Hypoglycemia

  3. Glucosuria

  4. Glycolysis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar (glucose), is a serious health problem for those with diabetes. Hyperglycemia develops, when there is too much sugar in the blood.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Blood sugar level can be decreased by

  1. Insulin given from mouth

  2. Glucagon given through mouth

  3. Intravenous injection of insulin

  4. Intravenous injection of glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Intravenous injection of insulin is the injection of insulin directly into the blood. It is used to control blood sugar in people, where the body does not make insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin cannot be taken orally because the oral dose of insulin degenerates in the stomach by digestive enzymes. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

MSH produced by the pars intermedia of pituitary causes in lower vertebrates

  1. Darkening of skin

  2. Light colouration of skin

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

MSH stimulates secretion of melanin from pigment cells in the skin and thereby causes skin darkening as required for camouflage in some lower vertebrates. Depending on the amount of melanin and carotene, the colour of skin is determined from pale yellow to dark. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Which one of the following pair correctly matches a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

  1. Insulin- Diabetes insipidus

  2. Thyroxine- Tetany

  3. Parathyroid hormone- Diabetes mellitus

  4. Luteinizing hormone- Failure of ovulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Undersecretion of insulin causes diabetes mellitus type I while myxedema is caused by thyroxine deficiency in adults. Hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone causes increased excitability of muscles and their sustained contraction referred to as parathyroid tetany. Luteinizing hormone deficiency causes failure of ovulation as LH surge during midcycle stimulates rupture of Graffian follicle. 

So, the correct answer is option 'Luteinizing hormone- Failure of ovulation'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Acromegaly is a disease caused by 

  1. Over secretion of growth hormone in childhood.

  2. Over secretion of growth hormone in adulthood.

  3. Under secretion of growth hormone in adulthood.

  4. Deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the diet.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acromegaly is the abnormal growth of the hands, feet, and face. It is caused when there is oversecretion of growth hormone (GH) in adulthood. Similarly, oversecretion of growth hormone in childhood causes Gigantism. 

It is usually caused by a non-cancerous tumor in the pituitary gland.
Its symptoms include large hands and feet, thick lips, coarse facial features, a jutting forehead and jaw, and widely spaced teeth. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology coordination and response control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction

When an endotherms body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors send information to the hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus will send out signals that cause

  1. The organism to seek warmer climate.

  2. The production of brown fat in the neck.

  3. Vasodilation (widening) of blood vessels.

  4. Vasoconstriction (narrowing) of blood vessels.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Endotherms are animals which use internally generated heat to maintain body temperature. For example, birds and mammals.
  • When an endotherms body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors send information to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus will send out signals that cause the organism to seek a warmer climate.
  • For example, when human body temperature drops below normal, cold receptors present in our body send signals to the hypothalamus. Then the hypothalamus will send out signals that cause us to seek a warmer climate.
  • So, the correct answer is 'The organism to seek warmer climate'.
Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals control of blood glucose hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary

Myxedema is caused by

  1. Hyperthyroidism

  2. Hypothyroidism

  3. Diabetes Mellitus

  4. Hypermetropia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Myxedema refers to a severe form of hypothyroidism than can occur when the condition is left untreated or is not treated sufficiently. The term also applies to the effects that hypothyroidism can have on the skin, making it appear swollen and puffy.

Multiple choice

Anorexia can result in:

  1. Increase in glycogen stores

  2. Breakdown of heart muscle

  3. Increase in dissolved oxygen in the blood

  4. Breakdown of bones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Anorexia nervosa involves severe caloric restriction. When the body exhausts fat stores, it begins to catabolize muscle tissue, including the heart muscle, which can lead to fatal cardiac complications.

Multiple choice

Starvation can lead to:

  1. Breakdown of body tissue

  2. Creation of body tissue

  3. Decrease in blood pressure

  4. Increase in metabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During prolonged starvation, the body enters a catabolic state to survive. It breaks down stored glycogen, then fat, and eventually structural body tissues like muscle to provide energy.

Multiple choice

Diabetes mellitus is caused by defeciency of which harmone

  1. Prolactin

  2. Insulin

  3. Seratonin

  4. Dopamine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, resulting from a deficiency in the production or action of the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas.

Multiple choice

Does type 1 diabetes make insulin resistant?

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a severe lack of insulin. Insulin resistance, where cells fail to respond properly to insulin, is the hallmark of Type 2 diabetes.

Multiple choice

Type 2 diabetes occurs from

  1. reduced insulin production

  2. increase insulin production

  3. inability of insulin to bind to its receptors

  4. A & C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where cells fail to respond properly to insulin due to receptor issues, combined with a progressive decrease in insulin production by the pancreas over time.