Tag: control of blood glucose

Larynx lies ventral to the thyroid cartilage. The thyroid cartilage is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages. The thyroid cartilage forms the bulk of the front wall of the larynx. It protects the vocal cords, which are located directly behind it.

Growth hormone is released into the bloodstream from the anterior pituitary gland. Growth hormone release is caused by another hormone (growth hormone-releasing hormone), which is released from the hypothalamus and it causes the pituitary gland to release the growth hormone.

Vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by posterior pituitary gland and targets nephron tubules to increase water reabsorption and thereby decreasing water content in urine while increasing that of blood. Increased water concentration in blood raises blood volume and blood pressure. It makes the urine concentrated. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein and gonadotropin secreted by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released by the hypothalamus. It helps in the development of follicles in female and triggers Sertoli cells to initiate spermatogenesis in the male.

Abnormal secretion of hormones brings about physical changes in the body. The hyposecretion of  ADH showcases as diabetes insipidus with increased urine output and excessive thirst. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

The hormones FSH and LH are together called as gonadotropin hormones. They are called the gonadotropins as they stimulate gonadal activity. The anterior pituitary (pars distalis) releases following gonadotrophic hormones:

The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis or pars anterior) contains five types of endocrine cell, and they are defined by the hormones they secrete: somatotropes (GH); prolactins (PRL); gonadotropes (LH and FSH); corticotropes (ACTH) and thyrotropes (TSH). Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary are trophic hormones and tropic hormones. 

Vasopressin also known as ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) is made up by hypothalamus and it is transported to posterior pituitary gland which secretes the hormone into the blood stream. Its functions:

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are called as gonadotropins, because stimulate the gonads - in males, the testes, and in females, the ovaries.

In vertebrates, the pituitary gland is an endocrine gland which is about the size of a pea. The intermediate lobe synthesizes and secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It stimulates the production and release of melanin by melanocytes in skin and hair. Thus, the correct answer is option D.