Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Haemodialysis helps the patient having

  1. Goitre

  2. Anaemia

  3. Uremia

  4. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. This process uses an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer) to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The blood is removed from the body and filtered through the artificial kidney. The filtered blood is then returned to the body with the help of a dialysis machine.

So, the correct option is 'Uremia'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which of the following will not lead to a diuresis ?

  1. Excessive Sweating

  2. Deficiency of ADH

  3. Deficiency of insulin

  4. Excessive of water intake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Diuresis is nothing but the excessive production urine in a person’s body. it could be due to excessive water intake or due to the deficiency of ADH. Low levels of insulin also trigger diuresis. However, excessive sweating acts as a counteracting measure and decreases the urine production and release from the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Excessive Sweating'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Grown up individual may lack sexual traits due to

  1. Castration

  2. Decreased secretion of sex hormones

  3. Excess secretion of sex hormones

  4. Glandular disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Sexual characters in males and females develop due to sex hormones which are testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. Testosterone is secreted from Leydig's cells in testis while oestrogen is secreted from ovarian follicles in females. These sex hormones are steroid hormones and regulate various sexual characters and development of secondary sex organs. A decreased secretion of sex hormones will lead to underdeveloped sexual traits.
So, the correct answer is 'Decreased secretion of sex hormones'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Decreased level of estrogen is common cause of 

  1. Myasthenia gravis

  2. Tetany

  3. Osteoporosis

  4. Gout
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones become weak and brittle due to dissolution of calcium. Due to oestrogen deficiency, osteoclasts i.e. cells that breakdown bones, stay for longer period of time in body and hence cause dissolution of calcium from the bones. Due to this, bones become weak and fragile. After menopause, oestrogen secretion is decreased in females which leads to osteoporosis.
So, the correct answer is 'Osteoporosis'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Osteoporosis, an age related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to 

  1. Accumulation of uric acid

  2. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction
  3. High concentration of Ca$^{2+}$ and Na$^+$

  4. Decreased level of oestrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Accumulation of uric acid leads to gout. It is a form of arthritis in which there is severe pain, redness and tenderness in joints.
B. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leads to myasthenia gravis. It is a neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles which are under control.
C. High concentration of calcium and sodium which leads to hypercalcemia and hypernatremia.
D. Decreased level of estrogen leads to osteoporosis. In this bones become weak and brittle. 
So, the correct answer is 'Decreased level of estrogen'.
Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

Conn's disease is due to 

  1. Hyposecretion of aldosterone

  2. Hypersecretion of aldosterone

  3. Hyposecretion of STH

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Conn's syndrome is a condition associated with the development of high blood pressure and low potassium levels in the blood. In the majority of patients a small tumour is found in the adrenal cortex. Excess production of aldosterone by the tumour leads to the development of Conn's syndrome with high blood pressure and low potassium levels. In a small group of patients abnormal function of the adrenal cortex from a condition called as adrenal hyperplasia, may give rise to the Conn's syndrome.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

Significant cause of 'adrenal virilism ' is :

  1. Hyposecretion of adreno-cortical androgens

  2. Hypersecretion of adreno-medullary androgens

  3. Hyposecretion of adreno-medullary androgens

  4. Hypersecretion of adreno-cortical androgens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenal virilism is a syndrome in which there is excess production of adrenal androgens. It is also called as adrenogenital syndrome. In this, there is hypersecretion of adrenocortical androgens. This is caused due to tumor of adrenal gland, called as adrenocortical carcinoma. It may also results from hyperplasia.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology diseases and hygiene anaemia mosquito and human health non communicable diseases

Allergic reaction occur due to release of 

  1. Hormones

  2. Histamines

  3. Enzymes

  4. Lysozymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • An allergic reaction occurs due to the hypersensitivity of the immune system to a harmless substance known as an allergen.
  • Antibodies are produced by the B-lymphocyte cells which destroy the allergens.
  • Destruction of allergens by the antibodies causes the release of a chemical substance into the bloodstream called histamine. 
  • The release of histamine in a large amount causes swelling of body tissues (inflammation), itching, enlargement of blood vessels and causes bronchospasm.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Histamines'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Removal of parathyroids in human beings result in

  1. Tetany

  2. Simmond's disease

  3. Myxoedema

  4. Addison's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Parathormone of parathyroid gland increases the blood calcium level. Removal of parathyroid gland decreases the blood calcium level due to its increased excretion in urine. It causes increased excitability of muscles and their sustained contraction referred to as parathyroid tetany. Myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism in adults while Addison’s disease is caused by the presence of ineffective ACTH. Simmond's disease is caused by the destruction of the anterior pituitary lobe. Thus, the correct answer is A.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Which of the following is correctly matched?

  1. Relaxin- Gigantism

  2. Prolactin- Cretinism

  3. Parathyroid hormone- Tetany

  4. Insulin- Diabetes insipidus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The correct combination of disease due to hyposecretion of these hormones:-

 Relaxin  Cervical dystocia
 Prolactin   Sheehan syndrome
 Parathyroid hormone  Tetany
 Insulin  Diabetes Mellitus

Tetany is related with parathyroid hormone or parathormone, it is responsible for calcium metabolism, the hyposecretion of parathormone lowers the blood calcium that results in the increasing the excitability of nerves and muscles.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Hypocalcemia (decreased $Ca^{+2}$ level of plasma) can lead to ______________.

  1. Tetany

  2. Renal calculi

  3. Osteoporosis

  4. Myasthenia gravis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve function; low levels lead to increased neuromuscular excitability, resulting in tetany (involuntary muscle spasms).

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Which of the following indicates tetany?

  1. Spasm

  2. Muscular cramps

  3. Tremors

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Tetany is a condition marked by intermittent muscular cramps and spasms, caused by malfunction of parathyroid glands and due to deficiency of calcium. Tremors are also seen. 
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Myasthenia gravis is a/an

  1. Autoimmune disease caused due to non-secretion of acetylcholine at neuromusclar junction.

  2. Muscle related disease, caused by hormonal disorder.

  3. Autoimmune disease, caused due to non-section of CSF.

  4. Autommune disease, caused due to non-conduction of impulses at neural junction.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that destroys the skeletal muscles responsible for actions such as swallowing, breathing, etc. It is caused due to the inability of muscles to respond to the nerve impulse due to the destruction of the receptors of acetylcholine on them. The acetylcholine is secreted from the neurons at the neuromuscular junction which is not perceived by the muscles as their receptors have been destroyed by the antibodies.

Hence, the correct answer is 'Autoimmune disease, caused due to non-conduction of impulses at neural junction'