Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Uric acid gets deposited in small joints to produce

  1. Rheumatoid arthritis

  2. Gout

  3. Osteoarthritis

  4. Bursitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Rheumatoid arthritis- It is a chronic painful inflammation of the synovial membranes of many joints simultaneously.
  • Gout- Accumulation of uric acid and crystals of sodium urate in synovial joints that cause inflammation and makes movement difficult is called gout.
  • Osteoarthritis- It is the secretion of lubricating synovial fluid between the bones at the joint stops.
  • Bursitis- It is the inflammation of the bursae present in the joints caused by physical injury or constant pressure on a particular joint for a long time.
So the correct answer is 'Gout'.
Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Gout that leads to arthritis is associated with abnormality of

  1. Pyrimidine metabolism

  2. Purine metabolism

  3. Fat metabolism

  4. Protein metabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Gout or Hyperuricaemia is a condition of increased uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is the end product of purine(Adenine, Guanine) metabolism in the body.
Any abnormality in the uric acid metabolism can lead to overproduction of uric acid and excessive uric acid in the blood can lead to accumulation of urate crystals in joints causing inflammation of joints/arthritis.
So, the correct answer is 'Purine metabolism'
Multiple choice biology diet, drugs and disease effect on general health growth and development in young people nutrient deficiency diseases diseases caused by changes in lifestyle nourishment and malnutrition

Excess intake of the following causes obesity

  1. Vitamins

  2. Proteins

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. Minerals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Obesity is primarily caused by an energy imbalance where caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure. Excess intake of carbohydrates, which are converted to energy or stored as fat, is a major contributor.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Genetic deficiency of ADH-receptor leads to

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Glycosuria

  4. Nephrogenic diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone ADH in the body. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. Diabetes insipidus is marked by intense thirst and heavy urination. Thus the genetic deficiency of ADH-receptor leads to Diabetes insipidus i.e even if ADH is present in the body it cannot show its action due to the absence of ADH-receptor hence leads to Diabetes insipidus.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes insipidus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry control and coordination in living organisms diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

In diabetes mellitus, what condition is not possible?

  1. Polyuria

  2. Loss of apetite

  3. Glycosuria

  4. Ketoacidosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In diabetes mellitus, either body doesn't make enough insulin, or it can't use the insulin it does produce, or a combination of both. The cells need insulin to take in the glucose and use it for energy. Since, the cells can't take in the glucose, it builds up in blood. Common symptoms include the following: frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, sudden vision changes, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, feeling very tired much of the time, very dry skin, sores, that are slow to heal, more infections than usual.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control

Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycolysis resulting in _______.

  1. Hypoglycemia

  2. Hyperglycemia

  3. Hypo or hyperglycemia depending on the necessity of the body

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The pancreas is a mixed gland that acts as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The endocrine part of the pancreas has about 1 to 2 million Islets of Langerhans. The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called α-cells and β-cells. The α-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the β-cells secrete insulin. Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycogenesis resulting in Hypoglycemia(Low blood sugar).

  • So, the correct option is 'Hypoglycemia'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

The type II diabetes is also called as the maturity onset diabetes and is characterized by normal levels of:

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucose

  3. Blood lipids

  4. Ketone bodies in urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Type II diabetes is referred to as maturity-onset diabetes because they are characterized by impaired insulin secretion with very less or no defects in insulin action.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Gestational diabetes is seen to occur in_____________

  1. Children

  2. Old age people

  3. Pregnant women

  4. Adult male
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Gestational diabetes is the third main form of diabetes and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood sugar level. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with

  1. too much insulin in the blood

  2. too high blood glucose level

  3. blood that is too dilute

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hypergylcaemia leads to this disorder. This causes following effects :

• Raised blood glucose level.
• Glycosuria and Polysuria.
So the correctanswer is too high blood glucose level.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Diabetes mellitus is explained below in four statements. Pick out the false statement:

  1. failure of insulin secretion produces this disease

  2. blood sugar is lower than the renal threshold for glucose

  3. glucose appears in the urine

  4. thirst is enhanced due to urinary loss of water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to this complex disorder called diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus causes the following effects :

(A) Raised blood glucose level.
(B) Glycosuria and Polyuria- this causes electrolyte imbalance and excretion of urine of high specific gravity. Polyuria leads to hypovolaemia, extreme thirst, and polydipsia.
(C) Weight loss 
So the correct answer is blood sugar is lower than the renal threshold for glucose.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Condition of concentration of ketone body urine is

  1. Turners syndrome

  2. Sickle cell anaemia

  3. Acromegaly

  4. Diabetes mellitus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
  •  The condition in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine. 
  • High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can lead to a coma or even death. Hence, the Condition of a concentration of ketone body urine is diabetes mellitus.
  • So, the correct answer is 'diabetes mellitus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Ketonuria is due to

  1. Intake of excess sugar

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. High blood pressure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Under conditions of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as occurs in diabetes mellitus, in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead.
  •  This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
  •  ketones accumulate in the blood (ketonemia) and are excreted in the urine (ketonuria). 
  • The accumulation of ketones is often the cause of acidosis and coma in diabetics. Ketonuria is also associated with starvation. Hence, Ketonuria is due to diabetes mellitus.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by

  1. Increase of sugar in blood

  2. Increase of sugar in urine

  3. Decrease of sugar in blood

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels.
Hence, due to low insulin levels in diabetes mellitus, there is increased sugar in blood and urine.
Thus, both options A and B are correct. 
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Failure or reduced insulin production causes 

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Addison's disease

  4. Cushing's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. 
B. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder in which there is less secretion of ADH due to which there is less water reabsorption in kidneys.
C. Addison's disease is caused due to hyposecretion of steroid hormones from adrenal glands. The steroid hormones are cortisol and aldosterone which are secreted from adrenal cortex.
D. Cushing disease occurs due to hypersecretion of cortisol which is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Insulin deficiency causes 

  1. Diabetes insipidus

  2. Goitre

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels. When insulin levels are low, as in diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level is increased.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.