Tag: carbohydrate metabolism

The pancreas is a mixed gland that acts as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The endocrine part of the pancreas has about 1 to 2 million Islets of Langerhans. The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called α-cells and β-cells. The α-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the β-cells secrete insulin. Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycogenesis resulting in Hypoglycemia(Low blood sugar).

• So, the correct option is 'Hypoglycemia'.

Type II diabetes is referred to as maturity-onset diabetes because they are characterized by impaired insulin secretion with very less or no defects in insulin action.

• Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy. 
• Insulin also inhibits the production of glucose by the liver. Except in the presence of the metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, insulin is provided within the body in a constant proportion to remove excess glucose from the blood, which otherwise would be toxic. 

• Gestational diabetes is the third main form of diabetes and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood sugar level. 

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hypergylcaemia leads to this disorder. This causes following effects :

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to this complex disorder called diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus causes the following effects :

• Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
•  The condition in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine. 
• High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can lead to a coma or even death. Hence, the Condition of a concentration of ketone body urine is diabetes mellitus.
• So, the correct answer is 'diabetes mellitus'.

• Under conditions of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as occurs in diabetes mellitus, in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead.
•  This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
•  ketones accumulate in the blood (ketonemia) and are excreted in the urine (ketonuria). 
• The accumulation of ketones is often the cause of acidosis and coma in diabetics. Ketonuria is also associated with starvation. Hence, Ketonuria is due to diabetes mellitus.