Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice frog - control and coordination system frog animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) organ and organ systems in animals zoology

Insufficient production of ______ in the tadpoles leads to the incomplete development.

  1. Thyroid

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Iodine

  4. Larve
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The process of growth and development is regulated by thyroxine hormone which is produced by thyroid gland. Iodine is required for thyroxine production. Thus insufficient production of thyroxine in the tadpoles leads to the incomplete development.

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Which of the following statements are true regarding gout disease?

  1. Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in joint.

  2. Drinking alcohol of any type can trigger a gout attack

  3. Uric acid can build up, forming sharp, needle like urate crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue that cause pain

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is a type of arthritis, the disease caused by the disorder of uric acid metabolism in which uric acid crystals are accumulated in joints, tendons and surrounding tissues which leads to inflammation and pain.
Symptoms of gout include severe pain, redness and swelling in joints, often the big toe.
Drinking alcohol of any type can trigger a gout attack because drinking alcohol leads to accumulation of uric acid crystals in the body.
So, the correct option is 'All the above'

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Secretion of abnormal pannus is seen in which of the following abnormalities?

  1. Rheumatoid arthritis

  2. Gout

  3. Osteoporosis

  4. Osteo arthritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that mainly effect joints. It typically results in warm, swollen and painful joints. Secretion of abnormal granules pannus is seen in this disease.
So the correct option is 'Rheumatoid arthritis'.
Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

In human beings, gout is caused by

  1. Deficiency of iodine

  2. Excessive secretion of thyroid

  3. Excessive liberation of uric acid

  4. Deposition of uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is an inherited type of disorder in which body forms the excess amount of uric acid and the crystals of sodium urate that are deposited in the synovial joints and makes movement difficult, it generally affects one or two joints only, the occurrence of gout is related with diet.

So the correct answer is 'Deposition of uric acid'.

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Deposition of monosodium urate causes

  1. Gout

  2. Arthritis

  3. Hypertension

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Gout is a metabolic disease in which crystals of uric acid (Monosodium urate) gets deposited in joints, tendons and surrounding soft tissues.
  • Diagnosis includes sudden onset of severe pains, swelling and redness of the joint in great toe of the foot, swelling of joints of the foot, ankle and hands, history of alcohol or red meat intake a day prior to painful attacks.
  • Hence deposition of uric acid in the joints causes gout.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Uric acid'.
Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Uric acid gets deposited in small joints to produce

  1. Rheumatoid arthritis

  2. Gout

  3. Osteoarthritis

  4. Bursitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Rheumatoid arthritis- It is a chronic painful inflammation of the synovial membranes of many joints simultaneously.
  • Gout- Accumulation of uric acid and crystals of sodium urate in synovial joints that cause inflammation and makes movement difficult is called gout.
  • Osteoarthritis- It is the secretion of lubricating synovial fluid between the bones at the joint stops.
  • Bursitis- It is the inflammation of the bursae present in the joints caused by physical injury or constant pressure on a particular joint for a long time.
So the correct answer is 'Gout'.
Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Inflammation of synovial membrane produces

  1. Gout

  2. Rheumatoid arthritis

  3. Dislocation

  4. Osteoarthritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease that particularly affects the synovial membrane of joints leading to excessive production of synovial fluid thereby stretching the joint capsule causing joint pains.
Osteoarthritis is an inflammation and damage of the articular cartilages of joints causing joint pains. It does not primarily affect the synovial membrane.
Gout or Hyperuricaemia is an excessive amount of uric acid in blood leading to the accumulation of urate crystals in the joints causing joint pains.
Dislocation of the joint is a condition where the bone slips out of the joint due to an injury.

So, the correct answer is 'Rheumatoid arthritis'.
Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Gout that leads to arthritis is associated with abnormality of

  1. Pyrimidine metabolism

  2. Purine metabolism

  3. Fat metabolism

  4. Protein metabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Gout or Hyperuricaemia is a condition of increased uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is the end product of purine(Adenine, Guanine) metabolism in the body.
Any abnormality in the uric acid metabolism can lead to overproduction of uric acid and excessive uric acid in the blood can lead to accumulation of urate crystals in joints causing inflammation of joints/arthritis.
So, the correct answer is 'Purine metabolism'
Multiple choice biology diet, drugs and disease effect on general health growth and development in young people nutrient deficiency diseases diseases caused by changes in lifestyle nourishment and malnutrition

Excess intake of the following causes obesity

  1. Vitamins

  2. Proteins

  3. Carbohydrates

  4. Minerals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Obesity is primarily caused by an energy imbalance where caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure. Excess intake of carbohydrates, which are converted to energy or stored as fat, is a major contributor.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Genetic deficiency of ADH-receptor leads to

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Glycosuria

  4. Nephrogenic diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone ADH in the body. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. Diabetes insipidus is marked by intense thirst and heavy urination. Thus the genetic deficiency of ADH-receptor leads to Diabetes insipidus i.e even if ADH is present in the body it cannot show its action due to the absence of ADH-receptor hence leads to Diabetes insipidus.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes insipidus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry control and coordination in living organisms diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

In diabetes mellitus, what condition is not possible?

  1. Polyuria

  2. Loss of apetite

  3. Glycosuria

  4. Ketoacidosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In diabetes mellitus, either body doesn't make enough insulin, or it can't use the insulin it does produce, or a combination of both. The cells need insulin to take in the glucose and use it for energy. Since, the cells can't take in the glucose, it builds up in blood. Common symptoms include the following: frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, extreme hunger, sudden vision changes, tingling or numbness in the hands or feet, feeling very tired much of the time, very dry skin, sores, that are slow to heal, more infections than usual.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control

Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycolysis resulting in _______.

  1. Hypoglycemia

  2. Hyperglycemia

  3. Hypo or hyperglycemia depending on the necessity of the body

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The pancreas is a mixed gland that acts as both an exocrine and an endocrine gland. The endocrine part of the pancreas has about 1 to 2 million Islets of Langerhans. The two main types of cells in the Islet of Langerhans are called α-cells and β-cells. The α-cells secrete a hormone called glucagon, while the β-cells secrete insulin. Insulin stimulates cellular glucose uptake, its utilization, and glycogenesis resulting in Hypoglycemia(Low blood sugar).

  • So, the correct option is 'Hypoglycemia'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

The type II diabetes is also called as the maturity onset diabetes and is characterized by normal levels of:

  1. Insulin

  2. Glucose

  3. Blood lipids

  4. Ketone bodies in urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Type II diabetes is referred to as maturity-onset diabetes because they are characterized by impaired insulin secretion with very less or no defects in insulin action.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Gestational diabetes is seen to occur in_____________

  1. Children

  2. Old age people

  3. Pregnant women

  4. Adult male
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Gestational diabetes is the third main form of diabetes and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop a high blood sugar level. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Diabetes mellitus is associated with

  1. too much insulin in the blood

  2. too high blood glucose level

  3. blood that is too dilute

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hypergylcaemia leads to this disorder. This causes following effects :

• Raised blood glucose level.
• Glycosuria and Polysuria.
So the correctanswer is too high blood glucose level.