Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to 

  1. Loss of pancreatic beta cells

  2. Resistance to insulin

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Obesity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is a peptide or proteinaceous hormone secreted from the β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. Thus, it decreases blood glucose level. Deficiency of insulin leads to high blood glucose level.
So, the correct answer is 'Loss of pancreatic beta cells'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Which of the following are asssociated with diabetes mellitus, a common diseases in adults?
1. Higher sugar level in blood
2. Lower sugar level in blood
3. Lower insulin level in blood
4. Higher insulin level in blood
Select the correct answer by using the codes given:

  1. 2 and 3

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 2 and 4

  4. 1 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a disease which is caused due to the deficiency of insulin hormone. As insulin is not present in the blood the glucose cannot be taken up by the cell. Therefore the amount of glucose increases in the blood which leads to the damage of tiny blood vessel in the kidney, heart, eyes and nervous system.

So, the correct option is '1 and 3'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Symptoms of diabetes develop more rapidly in _____________

  1. Type 1 DM

  2. Type 2 DM

  3. Gestational diabetes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Some of the symptoms associated with untreated diabetes mellitus (DM) are weight loss, polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). 
  • These symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 DM, while they usually develop much more slowly and maybe subtle or absent in type 2 DM. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

................... is an insulin resistant type of diabetes mellitus.

  1. Type 1

  2. Type 2

  3. Type 3

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that results in high sugar level in the blood or high blood glucose. 
  • Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. 
  • Type 1 DM results from the failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. 
  • Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Aakash has a swollen neck. He is losing his weight from last few months drastically. When checked, the heart rate also seems to be increased. He claims that he is not able to sleep properly and he feels restless. What can be the probable diagnosis of this situation?

  1. Hyperthyroidism

  2. Hypothyroidism

  3. Diabetes Mellitus

  4. Insomnia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Alex these days feels exhausted without doing any work. He has got infections. He gets hungry and thirsty easily. He goes to washroom every now and then. What do you diagnose?

  1. Goitre

  2. Cretinism

  3. Myxedema

  4. Diabetes Mellitus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Polyphagia is the medical term used to describe excessive hunger or increased appetite and is one of the 3 main signs of diabetes. ... Also known as hyperphagia, it is one of the three main symptoms of diabetes, along with: Polydipsia (increased thirst) and. Polyuria (frequent, excessive urination)

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Ishika's mother visited doctor's clinic yesterday. After looking at the blood report, doctor asked her not to eat sweet dishes or avoid intake of sugar. What do you think what can be the reason for this advise given by the doctor? Choose the right option for this case.

  1. The thyroid secretion is increased in the body due to which the sugar level in the body is increased.

  2. The adrenaline is secreted due to which her mother eats more sweet dishes when seen.

  3. The insulin secretion is decreased due to which the blood sugar level is increased.

  4. The insulin secretion is increased due to which the blood sugar level is increased.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

With too little insulin, the body can no longer move glucose from the blood into the cells, causing high blood glucose levels. If the glucose level is high enough, excess glucose spills into the urine. This makes the body tired and can cause weight loss.

Multiple choice biology the endocrine system feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Epinephrine level in blood increases in response to stress. This hormone is known to affect the rate of glycolysis in different organs of the body. The rates of glycolysis in liver, heart and skeletal muscles in response to rise in blood epinephrine (in comparison to non-stress condition) is expected to be

  1. Unaffected in liver, low in heart, and high in skeletal muscles

  2. High in liver, low in heart, and low and skeletal muscles

  3. Unaffected in liver, high in heart, and low in skeletal muscles

  4. Low in liver, high in heart, and high in skeletal muscles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Epinephrine is the hormone released in response to stress conditions. The rise in the hormone level in he blood causes an increase in ATP production for which the rates of glycolysis increases in the muscles (heart and skeletal muscles). The synthesis of glucose by gluconeogenesis takes place in the liver and so, the rate of glycolysis is low. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following disease results from endocrine disorder?

  1. Goitre

  2. Jaundice

  3. Typhoid

  4. Pneumonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. A goiter is associated with the thyroid which is not functioning properly.

(B) Jaundice is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin. 
(C) Typhoid is a bacterial infection that spreads through contaminated water and food.
(D) Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
So the correct option is goiter. 

Multiple choice evs nutritious food diseases caused by changes in lifestyle nutrition deficiency diseases study of ecological pyramids

Obesity is caused by

  1. Nourishment

  2. Malnutrition

  3. Hypersecretion of hormone

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Malnutrition means any kind of bad nourishment. It doesn't necessarily mean that you aren't getting a proper diet, it can also mean excessive consumption of food. So eating junk food and a bad diet can cause obesity and that is known as malnutrition as well.

So, the correct option is 'Malnutrition'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry lipids derived lipids biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells cell membrane

Misuse of anabolic steroids cause various side-effects in males and females. Which  of the following  side-effects of anabolic steroids is not observed in females?

  1. Masculinisation

  2. Breast enlargement

  3. Excessive hair growth on face and body

  4. Deepening of voice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Masculinisation is a side-effect which is not commonly observed in females due to the intake of anabolic steroids. so, 'the correct option is - masculinisation'. "So, the correct answer is 'A' ".

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

Diabetes insipidus is due to

  1. Hyposecretion of vasopressin(ADH)

  2. Hypersecretion of insulin

  3. Hyposecretion of insulin

  4. Hypersecretion of vasopressin (ADH).
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is also called vasopressin. ADH is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland. This is a small gland just below the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.  Nephrogenic means related to the kidney.

So, the correct option is 'Hyposecretion of vasopressin'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

Ketosis is due to

  1. High insulin level

  2. Low insulin level

  3. Low thyroxine level

  4. Low level of glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When the body has low levels of insulin it cannot get enough glucose into cells for energy requirements. So the body uses alternate energy by burning body fat. Ketone bodies are byproducts in the metabolism of fat. During starvation or fasting conditions the liver synthesizes glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from fat. During gluconeogenesis, the ketone bodies are formed as byproducts where the product is glucose. The accumulation of ketone bodies in tissues are called as ketosis. Hence ketosis is due to Low insulin levels.

So, the correct answer is 'Low insulin levels'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

The condition in-which kidneys fail to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration due to impaired ADH synthesis or release is

  1. Graves disease

  2. Addisons disease

  3. Diabetes insipidus

  4. Cretinism

  5. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone ADH in the body. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. Diabetes insipidus is marked by intense thirst and heavy urination. Thus the condition in-which kidneys fail to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration due to impaired ADH synthesis or release is Diabetes insipidus'.

So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes insipidus'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

ADH deficiency shows, the following condition

  1. Polydipsia

  2. Polyuria

  3. Glucosuria

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The term diuresis refers to the excessive production of urine. When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH. ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidneys and prevents diuresis. Hence it is also called antidiuretic hormone. ADH deficiency causes diuresis which leads to polydipsia (excess thirst) and polyuria (excess urine).

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.