Tag: cell membrane

Deep breathing rises the $O _2$ level of the blood. By excess formation of oxyhaemoglobin the acidity of blood increases. To control it, more of free $CO _2$ changes into bicarbonates and the free $CO _2$ level in the blood decreases. So due to lack of stimulant for inspiratory centre cessation of breathing takes place, after some time $O _2$ is consumed by the tissues and rise in $CO _2$ stimulates breathing again. So, the correct answer is 'Both too much O$ _2$ and very little CO$ _2$ in the blood'.

When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases in blood that results in decreasing the affinity of hemoglobin towards oxygen or amount of oxygen is less in blood. To compensate the oxygen amount breathing goes faster and deeper and is known as hyperventilation which is controlled by the medullary respiratory center.

• Regulation of Respiration is done by the nervous mechanism.
  
• A specialised centre present in the medulla region of the brain called the respiratory rhythm centre is primarily responsible for this regulation.
  
• Another centre is present in the Pons region in the brain called pneumotaxis centre can moderate the function of Respiratory Rhythm Centre.
  

• The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and pons, in the brainstem.
• The respiratory center is made up of three major respiratory groups of neurons, two in the medulla and one in the pons. It is responsible for generating and maintaining the rhythm of respiration.
• Hence Respiratory rhythm center is present Medulla and pons.
• So, the correct answer is 'Medulla and Pons.

Respiratory centres generate rhythmic pattern of breathing and are present in brain stem. The medullary respiratory centres constitute the primary respiratory centre and include two aggregates of neuronal cell bodies namely dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group. They serve to provide output to respiratory muscles. Pontine respiratory centres are present in higher in brain stem in pons and are namely pneumotaxic centre and apneustic centre. Pontine respiratory centres modify the output from medullary centres.

•  Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into carbon dioxide and water. 
  
• Cellular respiration takes place in three steps: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
• The main role of enzymes during the respiration reaction is to assist in transferring electrons from one molecule to another. e.g. In glycolysis, the enzyme dehydrogenase is used. Hence, the steps of respiration are controlled by enzymes.

The medulla oblongata is the lower half of the brainstem, which is continuous with the spinal cord, the upper half being the pons. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centres and therefore deals with the autonomic (involuntary) functions of breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.