Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to the.

  1. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
  2. High concentration of $Ca^{++}$ and $Na^+$

  3. Decreased level of oestrogen

  4. Accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder of skeletal system caused due to weakening of bones by decreased Ca++ and oestrogen levels. Osetrogen helps in decreasing the resorption of bone by decreasing osteoclastic activity. As the oestrogen levels decrease the osteoclastic activity increases and more ca++ is withdrawn into blood from bone resulting in osteoporosis. 

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder?

  1. Myasthenia gravis

  2. Osteoporosis

  3. Muscular dystrophy

  4. Gout
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An autoimmune disorder is a condition where body's own immune system attacks and destroys own tissues by mistake. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder in which body produces antibodies agaist the neurotransmitter acetylcholine nicotinic in skeletal muscles. It is characterized by the muscle weakness. 

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

 Disease caused by deficiency of parathormone is

  1. Cretinism

  2. Hypercalcemia

  3. Tetany

  4. Myxoedema
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Tetany is rapid spasms in muscles due to low calcium ions in the body fluid or blood. Hyposecretion of parathormone lowers concentration of calcium ions in the blood due to excretion of calcium in urine, this increases the excitability of nerves and muscles, causing cramp and convulsions, this disorder is known as tetany. 

So the correct answer is 'Tetany'.

Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Ageing is caused by disappearance of 
Or
Which one of the following is gradually reduced and degenerated in ageing according to immunity theory 
Or
Which is called "Clock of ageing"

  1. Thyroid

  2. Parathyroids

  3. Thymus

  4. Pitutary
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The thymus gland is a small irregular shaped gland in the mediastinum. 
The gland is part of both endocrine systems as well as the lymphatic system of the body. 
This gland gradually reduces in size as the age of person advances thus it is degenerated in ageing according to the immunity theory. 
Thus, the gland is also called a 'Clock of Ageing'.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus'.
Multiple choice zoology plants and animal hormones thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of these is correctly matched with the accompanying description?

  1. Pancreas - Delta cells of islets of Langerhans secrete a hormone which stimulates glycolysis in liver

  2. Thyroid - Hyperactivity in young children causes cretinism

  3. Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty
  4. Parathyroid - Secretes parathormone that promotes movement of $Ca^{2+}$ ions from blood into bones during calcification
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. The delta cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas secrete somatostatin hormone which inhibits secretion of glucagon and insulin.
B. Cretinism is the retarded mental and physical development in children due to hyposecretion of thyroid hormones.
C. Thymus gland shows maximum development in children during puberty and after that it starts degenerating.
D. Parathormone is secreted from the parathyroid hormone and increases blood calcium level by increasing the reabsorption of calcium from the bones.
So, the correct answer is 'Thymus - Starts undergoing atrophy after puberty'.
Multiple choice biology nutrition and diet effect on general health diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diet, drugs and disease

Obesity, weakness, salt and water retention are the symptoms caused due to hypersecretion of

  1. Cortisol

  2. Aldosterone

  3. Parathormone

  4. Somatostatin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Cortisol is a steroid hormone, known as a glucocorticoid, made in the cortex of the adrenal glands and then released into the blood which transports it all round the body.  It is a life-sustaining hormone which maintains homeostasis. Almost every cell contains receptors for cortisol and so cortisol can have lots of different actions depending on which sort of cells it is acting upon. These effects include controlling the body’s blood sugar levels and thus regulating metabolism, acting as an anti-inflammatory, influencing memory formation, controlling salt and water balance, influencing blood pressure and helping the development of the foetus. In many species, cortisol is also responsible for triggering the processes involved in giving birth. Aldosterone, parathormone, and somatostatin do not cause the symptoms such as obesity, weakness, salt and water retention etc. Thus, option A is correct.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Tadpoles of frog can be made to grow as giant sized tadpoles, if they are

  1. Administered anti-thyroid substance like thiourea.

  2. Administered large amounts of thyroxine.

  3. Reared on a diet rich in egg yolk.

  4. Reared on a diet rich in both egg yolk and glucose.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Xenopus laevis tadpoles that arrest development and remain as larvae for several years sometimes occur spontaneously in laboratory populations. These tadpoles cease development at an early hindlimb stage, but continue to grow and develop into grossly deformed giants. Giant tadpoles lack thyroid glands, and differ in morphology and behaviour from normal larvae. Tadpoles of frog can be made to grow as giant sized tadpoles, if they are administered large amounts of thryoxine.

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Metamorphosis is affected by

  1. Iodine

  2. Thyroxine

  3. Mineralocorticoids

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Amphibian metamorphosis depends upon the amount of iodine secured by larvae; the greater the quantity the more rapid the differentiation.
  • Also, thyroxine initiates the numerous morphological and biochemical components of amphibian metabolism.
So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'

Multiple choice biology butterfly and honey bee life cycle of a butterfly metamorphosis in frogs the life of a butterfly types of reproduction in animals oviparous and viviparous

Tadpoles of Frog can be made to grow as giant sized tadpoles, if they are

  1. Administered large amount of thyroxine

  2. Administered antithyroid substance like thiourea

  3. Reared on a diet rich in egg yolk

  4. Reared on a diet rich in both egg yolk and glucose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Thyroxine, the principal hormone, of thyroid gland, is required for tissue differentiation and metamorphosis (the rapid transformation from the larval to the adult form) in amphibians. So in the presence of antithyroid substance, (that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone) e.g., thiourea, tadpoles remain in the larval stage indefinitely. Thiourea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and hydrogen. It is similar to urea, except that oxygen atom is replaced by a sulphur atom. 

So, the correct answer is 'Administered antithyroid substance like thiourea'.

Multiple choice evs nutrition and its deficiency general functions of food nutrition and its need in plants nutrition and its need

(i) The meal that includes all ______ a _____ in right amount is a balanced diet.
(ii) Insufficient production of ______ b ______ in the tadpoles leads to their incomplete development.
(iii) Endocrine glands are also called ______ c _____ glands.
(iv) After attaining puberty boys develop a ______ d ______ voice.

  1. a - deep, b - ductless, c - nutrients, d- thyroxin

  2. a - nutrients, b - ductless, c - nutrients, d - thyroxin

  3. a - nutrients, b - thyroxin , c- ductless , d - deep

  4. a - nutrients, b - deep, c - ductless, d - thyroxin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(i) The meal that includes all nutrient in the right amount is a balanced diet.

(ii) Insufficient production of thyroxin in the tadpoles leads to their incomplete development.
(iii) Endocrine glands are also called as ductless glands.
(iv) After attaining puberty boys develop a deep voice.

So the correct option is 'a - nutrients, b - thyroxin, c- ductless, d - deep'

Multiple choice biology food and human health effect on general health growth and development in young people nutrient deficiency diseases

Which of the following pair is characterised by swollen lips, thick pigmented skin of hands and legs, and irritability?

  1. Thiamine Beri-beri

  2. Protein Kwashiorkor

  3. Nicotinamide Pellagra

  4. Iodine Goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin/nicotinamide). Symptoms include the 'three Ds': dermatitis (pigmented skin), diarrhea, and dementia.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

Which is not a function of thyroid hormone?

  1. Regulation of basal metabolic rate

  2. Controls metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

  3. Maintains water and electrolyte balance

  4. Regulates the diurnal rhythm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Thyroid hormones are secreted from thyroid gland and regulate many functions of body like:
  • regulation of BMR (Basal metabolic rate) by thyroxine which increases consumption of glucose by metabolically active tissues.
  • regulation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats metabolism.
  • regulation of water and electrolyte balance by calcitonin which inhibits reabsorption of calcium by renal tubules.
Diurnal rhythm of body is regulated by melatonin hormone secreted from pineal gland.
So, the correct answer is 'Regulates the diurnal rhythm'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

Gradual atrophy degeneration with ageing its shown by

  1. pineal gland

  2. thymosin

  3. adreal cortex

  4. Both a and b
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The pineal gland is known to undergo gradual calcification and atrophy with age. Thymosin is produced by the thymus, which also undergoes involution, but the pineal gland is a classic example of age-related degeneration.