Tag: health and its maintenance

Cocaine are stimulants that is they elevate mood, increase feelings of well-being and increase energy and alertness.
Opium  and morphine are powerful pain-killers. They produce a quick, intense feeling of pleasure followed by a sense of well-being and calm.
Barbiturates are depressants that slow down the normal brain function.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Barbiturates cause relaxation and temporary euphoria'.

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) belongs to family Solanaceae, is a silent long term killer can be consumed in a variety of ways like smoking, chewing, sniffing etc. Nicotine is a highly poisonous substance found in tobacco that increases pulse rate and blood pressure. It also increases stomach acidity, which is accompanied by a lack of appetite. Over time, tobacco users can look forward to such serious risks as narrowing or hardening of the arteries, respiratory infections, emphysema, stomach ulcers, chronic cough, and cancer of the mouth, throat, and lungs.

Carbohydrates (also called saccharides) are molecular compounds made from just three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides (e.g. glucose) and disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) and polysaccharide (starch). They are often called sugars.

Nutrients that we obtain through food have vital effects on physical growth and development, maintenance of normal body function, physical activity and health. Nutritious food is, thus needed to sustain life and activity. Our diet must provide all essential nutrients in the required amounts. Requirements of essential nutrients vary with age, gender, physiological status and physical activity. Dietary intakes lower or higher than the body requirements can lead to under nutrition (deficiency diseases) or over nutrition (diseases of affluence) respectively. So, the correct option is 'True'.

Marasmus is caused by a simultaneous deficiency of both proteins and calories (energy), typically affecting infants. Kwashiorkor, on the other hand, is primarily a protein deficiency with adequate calorie intake.

Sunlight exposure helps the human body synthesize Vitamin D from cholesterol in the skin. A deficiency in Vitamin D leads to rickets, a condition characterized by weakened and softened bones in children.

Kwashiorkor is associated with a decrease in serum proteins. The drop is particularly striking in liver-synthesized protein i.e. albumin ( < 2 g/dl against 3-4.5 g/dl ) and lipoproteins. The protein synthesis in liver is dependent upon the supply of alimentary amino acids after each meal. So later if the protein deficiency persist there is again a drop in the level of albumin synthesis which can be noticed immediately.
The ingestion of protein rich food can control kwashiorkor. The treatment can be monitored by measuring plasma albumin concentration, disappearance of edema and gain in body weight.

Kwashiorkor is a protein energy malnutrition that occurs in children, 1 to 5 years of age, due to constantly reduced protein availability while the requirement is high. A kwashiorkor child has match stick legs, protruded pot belly, blotchy skin, bulging eyes, wasted muscles, anaemia, oedema due to deficiency of albumin and repeated diarrhoea.

Kwashiorkor is a protein deficiency disease. It commonly affects infants and children between 1 to 3 year of age. The symptoms are underweight children, stunted growth, poor brain development, loss of appetite, anaemia, dermatitis on lower leg and face. Proteins are necessary for growth, repair of tissue and for body defence therefore adequate amount of proteins must be present in the diet. Daily requirement is 1 gm protein per kg body weight in adult and 2 gm protein per kg body weight in growing children. Important sources of protein in food are cereals, pulses, meat, fish, milk, groundnut, peas etc.