Tag: endocrine system and chemical co-ordination

Questions Related to endocrine system and chemical co-ordination

The cork cambium, cork and secondary cortex are collectively?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Phellem

  2. Phellodem

  3. Periblem

  4. Periderm

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Correct Option: A

RAAS secrete which of the following hormone

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Mineralocorticoids

  2. Glucocorticoids

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. None of these

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

RAAS stands for rennin- angiotensin- aldosterone system. It is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. When blood pressure is low, the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney release renin, which convert the angiotensinogen into angiotensin I after that it changes into angiotensin Ii. Angiotensin II (mineralocorticoids)is a vasoconstrictor that increases the blood pressure. Aldosterone is released by the adrenal gland. It is a mineral corticoid. It increases the absorption from distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of kidney's nephrons.

So, the correct answer is ' Mineralocorticoids'.

The endocrine gland present on the kidney is ..............

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Pituitary gland

  2. Thyroid gland

  3. Adrenal gland

  4. Pancreatic glands

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The endocrine gland present on the kidney is the Adrenal gland. The adrenal gland produces various type of hormones like adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and the cortisol. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla.

So the correct answer is "Adrenal gland".

Concentration of sodium and chloride ions is lowest

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Near the cortex

  2. Deep in medulla

  3. In interstitial fluid

  4. In middle of Henle's loop

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Osmolarity in the cortex region of the kidney is the lowest. Hence, the concentration of sodium and chloride ions is the lowest in the region near cortex.

So, the correct option is 'Near the cortex'.

Cortisol is a 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Mineralocorticoid

  2. Glucocorticoid

  3. Catecholamines

  4. Thymosins

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Our body has one pair of adrenal glands, one at the anterior part of each kidney. The gland is composed of two types of tissues. The centrally located tissue is called the adrenal medulla, and outside this lies the adrenal cortex.
The adrenal cortex can be divided into three layers, called zona reticularis (inner layer), zona fasciculata (middle layer) and zona glomerulosa (outer layer). The adrenal cortex secretes many hormones, commonly called as corticoids. 
 The corticoids, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism are called glucocorticoids. In our body, cortisol is the main glucocorticoid.

So, the correct option is 'Glucocorticoid'. 

Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Aldosterone

  2. Both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone

  3. Adrenaline

  4. Cortisol

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Besides corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) which other hormone also stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ? 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

  1. Glucagon

  2. Insulin

  3. Aldosterone

  4. Epinephrine

Show answer
Correct Option: B

Given are four statements(A-D) each with one or two blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blank in any two statements.
(A) Thymus secretes _____(i) which help in differentiation of _(ii).
(B) The adrenal medulla secretes _(i) which stimulates the breakdown of _(ii) to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
(C) The Leydig's cells or __(i) present in the intertubular spaces in testis, produce a group of hormone called __(ii).
(D) Thyroid gland secretes ___(i) and triiodothyronine which contain ______(ii)

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. (A)-(i) melatonin, (ii) T-lymphocytes, (B)- (i) adrenaline, (ii) fat

  2. (B)- (i) catecholamine, (ii) glycogen, (C)-(i) interstitial cells, (ii) glycogen

  3. (B)-(i) catecholamine, (ii) glycogen, (D)- (i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine

  4. (D)- (i) parathyroid hormone, (ii) calcium, (A)-(i) thymosin, (ii) B- lymphocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamine  which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to increase the blood glucose concentration during emergency situations.
Thyroid gland secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine which contain iodine.
So, the correct option is '(B)-(i) catecholamine, (ii) glycogen, (D)-(i) thyroxine, (ii) iodine'

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT regarding the immune system of an adult human being when compared to a child?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Thymus degenerates in old individuals
    resulting in a decreased production of thymosins

  2. The immune responses of old persons become weak

  3. The immunity of old person becomes weak

  4. Vaccination is mostly given in childhood as an immune response is weaker in children

Show answer
Correct Option: A,B
Explanation:

The thymus gland is a lobular structure located between the lungs behind sternum on the ventral side of the aorta. The thymus plays a major role in the development of the immune system.
 Thymosins play a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity. In addition, thymosins also promote the production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity. 
 the immune responses of old persons become weak because Thymus is degenerated in old individuals resulting in a decreased production of thymosins.
So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.

Which of the following hormone is correctly matched with it's source and function?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Vasopressin - Anterior pituitary - Induces reabsorption of water in nephron

  2. Oxytocin - Anterior pituitray - Contraction in uterine muscles during birth (parturation)

  3. Thymosin - Thymus - Helps in differentiation of T - Lymphocyte

  4. Glucagon - Pancreatic $ \alpha $ cells- Induces the uptake of utilization of glucose inside cells

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The thymus gland, located behind the sternum and between lungs, is only active until puberty. After puberty, the thymus starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat. Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the differentiation of disease-fighting T cells.

So, the correct answer is 'Thymosin - Thymus - Helps in the differentiation of T - Lymphocyte'.