Tag: endocrine system and chemical co-ordination

Questions Related to endocrine system and chemical co-ordination

Name the gland which is located under corpus callosum.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Adrenal gland

  2. Thyroid gland

  3. Pineal gland

  4. Thymus gland

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
A. Adrenal gland is present on upper side of kidneys and has two parts, adrenal cortex which secrete glucocorticoids (Cortisol), mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) and sexocorticoids (Androgen) and, adrenal medulla which secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline hormone.
B. Thyroid gland is situated between the trachea and larynx in the neck and secretes thyroxine hormone which increases oxygen consumption by metabolically active tissues.
C. Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. It is located under corpus callosum (bridge between right and left sides of brain). This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones.
D. Thymus gland is associated with the development of immune system and present on the dorsal side of heart. It secretes thymosin hormone which plays an important role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes.
So, the correct answer is 'Pineal gland'.

Function of pineal gland is to 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Control sexual behaviour

  2. Regulate period of puberty

  3. Lighter skin colour

  4. All of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Pineal gland is a small, stalked and rounded gland present on the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin hormone which regulates many important functions in the body like circadian rhythm of the body, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature etc. It also regulates pigmentation and control sexual behaviour. Melatonin also influences menstrual cycle. In man, at the time of puberty, pineal gland starts to get calcified and the calcium deposits are known as brain sand. Thus, it also regulate puberty period.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Pineal gland secretes melatonin which is connected to

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Colouration of skin

  2. Sleep

  3. Anger

  4. Body temperature

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
Pineal gland is a small, rounded and reddish brown gland present at the dorsal side of forebrain. This gland secretes melatonin and serotonin hormones. Melatonin is derived from amino acid tryptophan and secreted from pineal gland. It regulates the 24 hour rhythm of our body like sleep-wake cycle. Its levels in the body increase during night and fall in the morning time. High levels of melatonin induce sleep and hence, it regulates sleep-wake cycle of the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Sleep'.

With increasing age, secretion of which of the following is reduced to half?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. HGH

  2. Estrogen

  3. GTH

  4. Melatonin

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Melatonin is secreted from pineal gland which is located at the dorsal side of forebrain. Melatonin hormone is derived from amino acid tyrosine. It regulates circadian rhythm of body like sleep-wake cycle, temperature of body etc. It also regulates pigmentation, metabolism and defence capability. With increasing age, secretion of melatonin is decreased and reduces to about half.
So, the correct answer is 'Melatonin'.

Serotonin and melatonin are hormones secreted by 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Pancreas

  2. Pineal body

  3. Pituitarygland

  4. Thymus

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
A. Pancreas has two types of cells in the islet of Langerhans called alpha cells and beta cells which produce glucagon and insulin respectively.
B. Pineal body secreted melatonin and serotonin.
C. Pituitary gland has two parts adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)  and luteinizing hormone (LH). Neurohypophysis secretes vasopressin and oxytocin. 
D. Thymus secretes peptide hormones thymosins.
So, the correct answer is 'Pineal body'.

During injury serotonin is secreted by _____________.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Monocyte

  2. Neutrophill

  3. Histeocyte

  4. Platelets

Show answer
Correct Option: A

Melatonin is produced from 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Pineal gland

  2. Adrenal gland

  3. Parathyroid gland

  4. Ovary

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
A. Pineal gland produces melatonin which regulate 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of the body.
B. Adrenal gland produces adrenaline and noradrenaline by adrenal medulla and corticoids by adrenal cortex.
C. Parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH).
D. Ovary produces estrogen and progesterone.
So, the correct answer is 'Pineal gland'.

The pineal gland secretes a hormone progesterone which helps to regulate sleep pattern. Thyroid glands release hormone which regulate the level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin which is produced in the parathyroid glands. Select the correct option regarding the given paragraph.
i) Positions of pineal and parathyroid should be interchanged
ii) Progesterone must be replaced by melatonin
iii) Parathyroid should not be replaced as it is correctly mentioned.
iv) Positions of progesterone and calcitonin should be interchanged
v) Positions of thyroid and parathyroid should be interchanged 

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. ii and v only

  2. i, ii and v only

  3. i and iii only

  4. ii and iv only

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The correct statement is- 'The pineal gland secretes a hormone melatonin which helps to regulate sleep pattern. Parathyroid Gland release hormone which regulates the level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin which is produced in the thyroid gland.'

So the correct option is 'ii and v only'.

The function of pineal body is to.

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Lighten the skin colour

  2. Control sexual behaviour

  3. Regulate the period of puberty

  4. All of these

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Pineal body is a very small, reddish-grey, vascular, conical, solid body located in the brain. It secretes a hormone named melatonin. Melatonin concentrates pigment granules in the melanocytes, making the skin colour lighter in certain animals. It also regulates the functioning of gonads, thus, controls, sexual behaviour and regulates the period of puberty.

A hormone responsible for normal sleep-wake cycle is?

zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination pineal gland pituitary gland and pineal gland pineal gland and thymus

  1. Epinephrine

  2. Gastrin

  3. Melatonin

  4. Insulin

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by pineal gland. Immediately above the optic chiasma(in the brain) in a nucleus, are present melatonin receptors that react to this hormone and synchronise the nucleus to the $24$hrs day/night rhythm, thus informing the brain when it is day and when it is night.