Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

ADH deficiency shows the following condition 

  1. Only polydipsia

  2. Polyuria

  3. Polydipsia and polyuria

  4. Glucosuria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

ADH(antiduretic hormone) causes polyuria(excessive urine volume)and polydipsia (increase thirst).The deficiency of ADH causes excessive secretion of urine due to lack of reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct and result in excess thirst.ADH deficiency caused diabetes insipidus.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of insulin in the blood.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high.
  • Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin.
  • Hence diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of insulin in the blood is a true statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Excessive accumulation of uric acid in joints causes _________.

  1. Tetany

  2. Osteo arthritis

  3. Gout

  4. Osteoporosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is a painful form of arthritis that occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood cause crystals to form and accumulate in and around a joint. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down a chemical called purine. 

So, the correct option is 'Gout'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which of the following will not lead to a diuresis ?

  1. Excessive Sweating

  2. Deficiency of ADH

  3. Deficiency of insulin

  4. Excessive of water intake
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Diuresis is nothing but the excessive production urine in a person’s body. it could be due to excessive water intake or due to the deficiency of ADH. Low levels of insulin also trigger diuresis. However, excessive sweating acts as a counteracting measure and decreases the urine production and release from the body.
So, the correct answer is 'Excessive Sweating'.
Multiple choice biology the age of adolescence changes in body during adolescence hormone during puberty role of hormones in reproduction

Osteoporosis, an age related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to 

  1. Accumulation of uric acid

  2. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction
  3. High concentration of Ca$^{2+}$ and Na$^+$

  4. Decreased level of oestrogen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Accumulation of uric acid leads to gout. It is a form of arthritis in which there is severe pain, redness and tenderness in joints.
B. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leads to myasthenia gravis. It is a neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles which are under control.
C. High concentration of calcium and sodium which leads to hypercalcemia and hypernatremia.
D. Decreased level of estrogen leads to osteoporosis. In this bones become weak and brittle. 
So, the correct answer is 'Decreased level of estrogen'.
Multiple choice zoology control and coordination in living organisms adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

Conn's disease is due to 

  1. Hyposecretion of aldosterone

  2. Hypersecretion of aldosterone

  3. Hyposecretion of STH

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Conn's syndrome is a condition associated with the development of high blood pressure and low potassium levels in the blood. In the majority of patients a small tumour is found in the adrenal cortex. Excess production of aldosterone by the tumour leads to the development of Conn's syndrome with high blood pressure and low potassium levels. In a small group of patients abnormal function of the adrenal cortex from a condition called as adrenal hyperplasia, may give rise to the Conn's syndrome.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

Which of the following is incorrect about adrenal glands?

  1. It secretes hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood.

  2. It secretes hormones which maintain the sugar balance in the blood

  3. It is under the control of pituitary gland

  4. It helps the body to adjust to stress.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

It does not secrets hormones which maintain the correct salt balance in the blood. It secretes hormones which helps to maintain the body's salt and water level, regulates blood pressure.

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system adrenal gland thymus and adrenal gland adrenal glands

Significant cause of 'adrenal virilism ' is :

  1. Hyposecretion of adreno-cortical androgens

  2. Hypersecretion of adreno-medullary androgens

  3. Hyposecretion of adreno-medullary androgens

  4. Hypersecretion of adreno-cortical androgens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adrenal virilism is a syndrome in which there is excess production of adrenal androgens. It is also called as adrenogenital syndrome. In this, there is hypersecretion of adrenocortical androgens. This is caused due to tumor of adrenal gland, called as adrenocortical carcinoma. It may also results from hyperplasia.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Removal of parathyroids in human beings result in

  1. Tetany

  2. Simmond's disease

  3. Myxoedema

  4. Addison's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Parathormone of parathyroid gland increases the blood calcium level. Removal of parathyroid gland decreases the blood calcium level due to its increased excretion in urine. It causes increased excitability of muscles and their sustained contraction referred to as parathyroid tetany. Myxedema is caused by hypothyroidism in adults while Addison’s disease is caused by the presence of ineffective ACTH. Simmond's disease is caused by the destruction of the anterior pituitary lobe. Thus, the correct answer is A.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Which of the following is correctly matched?

  1. Relaxin- Gigantism

  2. Prolactin- Cretinism

  3. Parathyroid hormone- Tetany

  4. Insulin- Diabetes insipidus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The correct combination of disease due to hyposecretion of these hormones:-

 Relaxin  Cervical dystocia
 Prolactin   Sheehan syndrome
 Parathyroid hormone  Tetany
 Insulin  Diabetes Mellitus

Tetany is related with parathyroid hormone or parathormone, it is responsible for calcium metabolism, the hyposecretion of parathormone lowers the blood calcium that results in the increasing the excitability of nerves and muscles.

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Hypocalcemia (decreased $Ca^{+2}$ level of plasma) can lead to ______________.

  1. Tetany

  2. Renal calculi

  3. Osteoporosis

  4. Myasthenia gravis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood. Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve function; low levels lead to increased neuromuscular excitability, resulting in tetany (involuntary muscle spasms).

Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Which of the following indicates tetany?

  1. Spasm

  2. Muscular cramps

  3. Tremors

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Tetany is a condition marked by intermittent muscular cramps and spasms, caused by malfunction of parathyroid glands and due to deficiency of calcium. Tremors are also seen. 
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice zoology locomotion and movement disorders of musculoskeletal system disorders of muscle and skeleton joints and movements

Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to the.

  1. Immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue
  2. High concentration of $Ca^{++}$ and $Na^+$

  3. Decreased level of oestrogen

  4. Accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder of skeletal system caused due to weakening of bones by decreased Ca++ and oestrogen levels. Osetrogen helps in decreasing the resorption of bone by decreasing osteoclastic activity. As the oestrogen levels decrease the osteoclastic activity increases and more ca++ is withdrawn into blood from bone resulting in osteoporosis. 

So the correct option is C.