Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
Diabetes mellitus is explained below in four statements. Pick out the false statement:

  1. failure of insulin secretion produces this disease

  2. blood sugar is lower than the renal threshold for glucose

  3. glucose appears in the urine

  4. thirst is enhanced due to urinary loss of water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes Mellitus is due to deficiency or absence of insulin or interference in insulin activity. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to this complex disorder called diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus causes the following effects :

(A) Raised blood glucose level.
(B) Glycosuria and Polyuria- this causes electrolyte imbalance and excretion of urine of high specific gravity. Polyuria leads to hypovolaemia, extreme thirst, and polydipsia.
(C) Weight loss 
So the correct answer is blood sugar is lower than the renal threshold for glucose.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Condition of concentration of ketone body urine is

  1. Turners syndrome

  2. Sickle cell anaemia

  3. Acromegaly

  4. Diabetes mellitus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
  •  The condition in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead. This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine. 
  • High ketone levels in urine may indicate diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a complication of diabetes that can lead to a coma or even death. Hence, the Condition of a concentration of ketone body urine is diabetes mellitus.
  • So, the correct answer is 'diabetes mellitus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Ketonuria is due to

  1. Intake of excess sugar

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. High blood pressure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Under conditions of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as occurs in diabetes mellitus, in which your cells don't get enough glucose, your body burns fat for energy instead.
  •  This produces a substance called ketones, which can show up in your blood and urine.
  •  ketones accumulate in the blood (ketonemia) and are excreted in the urine (ketonuria). 
  • The accumulation of ketones is often the cause of acidosis and coma in diabetics. Ketonuria is also associated with starvation. Hence, Ketonuria is due to diabetes mellitus.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by

  1. Increase of sugar in blood

  2. Increase of sugar in urine

  3. Decrease of sugar in blood

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels.
Hence, due to low insulin levels in diabetes mellitus, there is increased sugar in blood and urine.
Thus, both options A and B are correct. 
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Failure or reduced insulin production causes 

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Addison's disease

  4. Cushing's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is increased levels of sugar in blood and this condition is called hyperglycaemia. This disorder is caused due to deficiency or low secretion of insulin hormone. 
B. Diabetes insipidus is a disorder in which there is less secretion of ADH due to which there is less water reabsorption in kidneys.
C. Addison's disease is caused due to hyposecretion of steroid hormones from adrenal glands. The steroid hormones are cortisol and aldosterone which are secreted from adrenal cortex.
D. Cushing disease occurs due to hypersecretion of cortisol which is a glucocorticoid hormone secreted from adrenal cortex.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Insulin deficiency causes 

  1. Diabetes insipidus

  2. Goitre

  3. Diabetes mellitus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is secreted from the β cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. This leads to movement of glucose to hepatocytes and adipocytes from the blood, thereby resulting in the decreased blood glucose levels. When insulin levels are low, as in diabetes mellitus, blood glucose level is increased.
So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes mellitus'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Juvenile diabetes mellitus is due to 

  1. Loss of pancreatic beta cells

  2. Resistance to insulin

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Obesity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to hyposecretion of insulin hormone. Insulin is a peptide or proteinaceous hormone secreted from the β (beta) cells of islets of Langerhans of pancreas. Insulin acts on hepatocytes and adipocytes and increases the uptake of cellular glucose and its utilisation. Thus, it decreases blood glucose level. Deficiency of insulin leads to high blood glucose level.
So, the correct answer is 'Loss of pancreatic beta cells'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Which of the following are asssociated with diabetes mellitus, a common diseases in adults?
1. Higher sugar level in blood
2. Lower sugar level in blood
3. Lower insulin level in blood
4. Higher insulin level in blood
Select the correct answer by using the codes given:

  1. 2 and 3

  2. 1 and 2

  3. 2 and 4

  4. 1 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a disease which is caused due to the deficiency of insulin hormone. As insulin is not present in the blood the glucose cannot be taken up by the cell. Therefore the amount of glucose increases in the blood which leads to the damage of tiny blood vessel in the kidney, heart, eyes and nervous system.

So, the correct option is '1 and 3'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Symptoms of diabetes develop more rapidly in _____________

  1. Type 1 DM

  2. Type 2 DM

  3. Gestational diabetes

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Some of the symptoms associated with untreated diabetes mellitus (DM) are weight loss, polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger). 
  • These symptoms may develop rapidly (weeks or months) in type 1 DM, while they usually develop much more slowly and maybe subtle or absent in type 2 DM. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

................... is an insulin resistant type of diabetes mellitus.

  1. Type 1

  2. Type 2

  3. Type 3

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease that results in high sugar level in the blood or high blood glucose. 
  • Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. 
  • Type 1 DM results from the failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to produce enough insulin. 
  • Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

Which of the following is related to the morphological changes during aging?

  1. The number of taste bud decreases.

  2. Decreased rate of cardiovascular functions.

  3. The reduction in the nephron.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Ageing is a complex process that varies as to how it affects different people and even different organs. Most gerontologists (people who study aging) feel that aging is due to the interaction of many lifelong influences. These influences include heredity, environment, culture, diet, exercise and leisure, past illnesses, and many other factors.
  • Morphological changes during aging include the number of taste bud decreases, Decreased rate of cardiovascular functions and The reduction in the number of nephrons.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All the above'.
Multiple choice different stages of growth reproductive system in humans division for growth and reproduction human system biology

According to immunity theory, ageing is due to

  1. Accumulation of errors

  2. Reduced functioning of endocrine glands

  3. Degeneration of thymus

  4. Accumulation of waste products
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

According to immunity theory, the immune system is programmed to decline its functions over time, and this fact is the main cause of aging. Thymic involution (shrinking of the thymus with age) is believed to be the main age-related change in the immune system, and this alteration begins after puberty.

So, the correct option is ‘Degeneration of thymus’.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Aakash has a swollen neck. He is losing his weight from last few months drastically. When checked, the heart rate also seems to be increased. He claims that he is not able to sleep properly and he feels restless. What can be the probable diagnosis of this situation?

  1. Hyperthyroidism

  2. Hypothyroidism

  3. Diabetes Mellitus

  4. Insomnia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) occurs when your thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine. Hyperthyroidism can accelerate your body's metabolism, causing unintentional weight loss and a rapid or irregular heartbeat.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Alex these days feels exhausted without doing any work. He has got infections. He gets hungry and thirsty easily. He goes to washroom every now and then. What do you diagnose?

  1. Goitre

  2. Cretinism

  3. Myxedema

  4. Diabetes Mellitus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Polyphagia is the medical term used to describe excessive hunger or increased appetite and is one of the 3 main signs of diabetes. ... Also known as hyperphagia, it is one of the three main symptoms of diabetes, along with: Polydipsia (increased thirst) and. Polyuria (frequent, excessive urination)

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms feedback mechanism mechanism of hormone action and feedback mechanisms role of hormones in coordination

Ishika's mother visited doctor's clinic yesterday. After looking at the blood report, doctor asked her not to eat sweet dishes or avoid intake of sugar. What do you think what can be the reason for this advise given by the doctor? Choose the right option for this case.

  1. The thyroid secretion is increased in the body due to which the sugar level in the body is increased.

  2. The adrenaline is secreted due to which her mother eats more sweet dishes when seen.

  3. The insulin secretion is decreased due to which the blood sugar level is increased.

  4. The insulin secretion is increased due to which the blood sugar level is increased.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

With too little insulin, the body can no longer move glucose from the blood into the cells, causing high blood glucose levels. If the glucose level is high enough, excess glucose spills into the urine. This makes the body tired and can cause weight loss.