Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice zoology the endocrine system introduction to human endocrine system endocrine system and hormone coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which of the following disease results from endocrine disorder?

  1. Goitre

  2. Jaundice

  3. Typhoid

  4. Pneumonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Goiter is the enlargement of the thyroid gland. A goiter is associated with the thyroid which is not functioning properly.

(B) Jaundice is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin. 
(C) Typhoid is a bacterial infection that spreads through contaminated water and food.
(D) Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.
So the correct option is goiter. 

Multiple choice botany classical genetics variation and its type natural selection introduction to genetics

Some individuals produce lesser amounts of insulin. It is a type of

  1. Physiological variation

  2. Behavioural variation

  3. Morphological variation

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Physiological variation is related to the differences in the ways individuals of the same species react to conditions in their environment because of difference in their functioning of the body. Production of insulin is an example of physiological variation.
  • So, the correct option is 'Physiological variation'
Multiple choice evs nutritious food diseases caused by changes in lifestyle nutrition deficiency diseases study of ecological pyramids

Obesity is caused by

  1. Nourishment

  2. Malnutrition

  3. Hypersecretion of hormone

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Malnutrition means any kind of bad nourishment. It doesn't necessarily mean that you aren't getting a proper diet, it can also mean excessive consumption of food. So eating junk food and a bad diet can cause obesity and that is known as malnutrition as well.

So, the correct option is 'Malnutrition'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry lipids derived lipids biomolecules: chemical constituents of living cells cell membrane

Misuse of anabolic steroids cause various side-effects in males and females. Which  of the following  side-effects of anabolic steroids is not observed in females?

  1. Masculinisation

  2. Breast enlargement

  3. Excessive hair growth on face and body

  4. Deepening of voice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Masculinisation is a side-effect which is not commonly observed in females due to the intake of anabolic steroids. so, 'the correct option is - masculinisation'. "So, the correct answer is 'A' ".

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

Diabetes insipidus is due to

  1. Hyposecretion of vasopressin(ADH)

  2. Hypersecretion of insulin

  3. Hyposecretion of insulin

  4. Hypersecretion of vasopressin (ADH).
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an uncommon condition in which the kidneys are unable to prevent the excretion of water. The amount of water excreted in the urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is also called vasopressin. ADH is produced in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland. This is a small gland just below the base of the brain. DI caused by a lack of ADH is called central diabetes insipidus. When DI is caused by a failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH, the condition is called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.  Nephrogenic means related to the kidney.

So, the correct option is 'Hyposecretion of vasopressin'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

Ketosis is due to

  1. High insulin level

  2. Low insulin level

  3. Low thyroxine level

  4. Low level of glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When the body has low levels of insulin it cannot get enough glucose into cells for energy requirements. So the body uses alternate energy by burning body fat. Ketone bodies are byproducts in the metabolism of fat. During starvation or fasting conditions the liver synthesizes glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from fat. During gluconeogenesis, the ketone bodies are formed as byproducts where the product is glucose. The accumulation of ketone bodies in tissues are called as ketosis. Hence ketosis is due to Low insulin levels.

So, the correct answer is 'Low insulin levels'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

The condition in-which kidneys fail to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration due to impaired ADH synthesis or release is

  1. Graves disease

  2. Addisons disease

  3. Diabetes insipidus

  4. Cretinism

  5. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by the deficiency of antidiuretic hormone ADH in the body. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) helps the kidneys keep the correct amount of water in the body. Diabetes insipidus is marked by intense thirst and heavy urination. Thus the condition in-which kidneys fail to conserve water leading to water loss and dehydration due to impaired ADH synthesis or release is Diabetes insipidus'.

So, the correct answer is 'Diabetes insipidus'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

ADH deficiency shows, the following condition

  1. Polydipsia

  2. Polyuria

  3. Glucosuria

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The term diuresis refers to the excessive production of urine. When excess water is lost through urine the blood volume is decreased and its osmolarity is increased which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH. ADH decreases the volume of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by kidneys and prevents diuresis. Hence it is also called antidiuretic hormone. ADH deficiency causes diuresis which leads to polydipsia (excess thirst) and polyuria (excess urine).

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human disorders of excretory system disorders related to the excretory system functions and disorders of kidney

ADH deficiency shows the following condition 

  1. Only polydipsia

  2. Polyuria

  3. Polydipsia and polyuria

  4. Glucosuria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

ADH(antiduretic hormone) causes polyuria(excessive urine volume)and polydipsia (increase thirst).The deficiency of ADH causes excessive secretion of urine due to lack of reabsorption at distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct and result in excess thirst.ADH deficiency caused diabetes insipidus.

Multiple choice zoology skeleton and movements features of a muscle muscle features muscle contraction and its effects

Lactic acid deposition leads to

  1. Tetany

  2. Muscle fatigue

  3. Muscle strain

  4. Convulsions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Generally, the glucose undergoes metabolism in the presence of oxygen to form ATP(adenosine triphosphate) which is essential for the muscle contraction but during vigorous exercise, the body cannot meet the oxygen demand and the glucose undergoes metabolism in the absence of oxygen which results in the formation and accumulation of lactic acid.
  • Feeling of fatigue after vigorous exercise for some time is due to the accumulation of lactic acid in muscles.
  • Hence lactic acid deposition leads to muscle fatigue.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Muscle fatigue'.
Multiple choice biology food and human health balanced diet and malnutrition balanced and unbalanced food digestive disorders diseases caused by changes in lifestyle diseases and toxic substance health and its maintenance

Inadequate protein intake leads to Kwashiorkor . The subsequent oedema is most closely related to inadequate synthesis of which protein ?

  1. Gamma globulin

  2. Glucagon

  3. Insulin

  4. Albumin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Kwashiorkor, a disease of protein malnutrition, causes low level of blood proteins (serum albumins), which cause poor return of tissue fluid through capillaries. It leads to the swelling of tissues through  increase of its tissue fluid  which results into oedema.
  • So,(D) albumin is the correct option. 
Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

Which of the following can be considered as parameter of old age?

  1. Slowing of metabolism

  2. End of reproductive phase

  3. Juvenile stage

  4. Enlargement of thymus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Age is one of the most important factor for changes in energy metabolism. The basal metabolic rate decreases almost linearly with age. 
  • The volume of skeletal musculature decreases and the percentage of fat tissue increases with age. 
  • It is shown that a decrease in muscle mass relative to the total body may be wholly responsible for the age-related decrease in basal metabolic rate.

So, the correct answer is 'Slowing of metabolism'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of insulin in the blood.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose, or blood sugar, levels are too high.
  • Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps the glucose get into your cells to give them energy. With type 1 diabetes, your body does not make insulin.
  • Hence diabetes is caused due to the deficiency of insulin in the blood is a true statement.
  • So, the correct answer is 'True'.
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Excessive accumulation of uric acid in joints causes _________.

  1. Tetany

  2. Osteo arthritis

  3. Gout

  4. Osteoporosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is a painful form of arthritis that occurs when high levels of uric acid in the blood cause crystals to form and accumulate in and around a joint. Uric acid is produced when the body breaks down a chemical called purine. 

So, the correct option is 'Gout'.