Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

After a thorough checkup, the doctor told Mr. Mehra that he was suffering from one of the severe systemic autoimmune diseases. Which of the following is a non-organ-specific (systemic) autoimmune disease of humans?

  1. Myasthenia gravis

  2. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

  3. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

  4. Pernicious anemia

  5. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

SLE is a disease involving antibodies to non-organ specific antigens such as DNA and induces immune complexes, which deposit in the vascular bed causing kidney, skin, joint and cerebral lesions.

Multiple choice

Lactose intolerance occurs due to

  1. lactase deficiency

  2. lactose surplus

  3. enzyme conflict

  4. interfernce of other enzymes like pepsin, etc.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Lactose intolerance occurs due to an inadequate production of lactase. This enzyme breaks down or digests lactose in the digestive tract. While most babies produce sufficient amount of lactase, the gene for its production often later gets turned off.

Multiple choice

“Swollen neck” is a symptom of

  1. diabetes

  2. goitre

  3. scurvy

  4. Addison’s disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is necessary for the thyroid gland to make thyroxin hormone. Thyroxin regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the body so as to provide the best balance for the growth. In case iodine is deficient in our diet, there is a possibility that we might suffer from goitre.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs does not match?

  1. Pancreas - Glisson's capsule

  2. Antigen - Antibody

  3. Thyroid - Goitre

  4. Enzyme - Substrate

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Glisson's capsule is a layer of connective tissues that surrounds the liver.

Multiple choice

Thyroid deficiency in infants leads to

  1. hypothyroidism

  2. myxoedema

  3. cretinism

  4. thyrotoxicosis

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital hypothyroidism). It usually occurs due to maternal hypothyroidism.

Multiple choice

Which of the following causes an intracellular shift of potassium ions?

  1. C-reactive protein

  2. Cholesterol

  3. Acidosis

  4. Domperidone

  5. Insulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin causes potassium entry into cells. It is used in the emergency treatment of severe hyperkalaemia. As insulin also causes a fall in blood glucose levels, exogenous glucose is usually given with the insulin to prevent this.

Multiple choice

A doctor told his patient that he is suffering from hypercalcemia. Which of the following causes hypercalcemia?

  1. Acute pancreatitis

  2. Chovstek's syndrome

  3. Secondary hyper parathyroidism

  4. Hyperthyroidism

  5. Deficiency of vitamin D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Excess parathyroid hormone raises plasma calcium levels. In primary hyper parathyroidism, there is a primary increase in parathyroid hormone and so, a rise in plasma calcium. Too much PTH raises the levels of calcium in the blood.