Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Sodium depletion occurs in excessive sweating and cannot be corrected by drinking water alone. When uncorrected, it may lead to

  1. muscle cramps, loss of energy, fatigue and faintness

  2. swelling of ankles and feet

  3. renal failure

  4. increase of urea in blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sodium depletion occurs in excessive sweating and cannot be corrected by drinking water alone. When uncorrected, it may lead to muscle cramps, loss of energy, fatigue and faintness.

Multiple choice

What happens when body produces insulin under insulin resistance condition?

  1. Cells fail to respond to the normal actions of the hormone insulin.

  2. Body cells become resistant to insulin and cannot utilise it, further leading to latent autoimmune diabetes.

  3. Beta cells in the pancreas increase their production of insulin, further contributing to a high blood insulin level.

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Insulin resistance (IR) is generally regarded as a pathological condition in which cells fail to respond to the normal actions of the hormone insulin. The body produces insulin when glucose starts to be released into the bloodstream from the digestion of carbohydrates in the diet. Normally, this insulin response triggers glucose being taken into body cells, to be used for energy and inhibits the body from using fat as energy. The level of glucose in the blood decreases as a result, staying within the normal range even when a large amount of carbohydrates is consumed. When the body produces insulin under conditions of insulin resistance, the cells in the body are resistant to the insulin and are unable to use it effectively. It leads to high blood sugar. Beta cells in the pancreas subsequently increase their production of insulin, further contributing to a high blood insulin level. This often remains undetected and can contribute to a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes of adults. Although this type of chronic insulin resistance is harmful, during acute illness it is actually a well-evolved protective mechanism.

Multiple choice

Which disorder is known as “diabetes of the bearded woman”?

  1. stein-leventhal syndrome

  2. cushing’s syndrome

  3. addison’s disease

  4. archard-thiers syndrome
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Archard-Thiers syndrome is a rare condition historically referred to as 'diabetes of the bearded woman' due to the combination of hirsutism and metabolic disturbances.

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Which of the following statements are true regarding gout disease?

  1. Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in joint.

  2. Drinking alcohol of any type can trigger a gout attack

  3. Uric acid can build up, forming sharp, needle like urate crystals in a joint or surrounding tissue that cause pain

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is a type of arthritis, the disease caused by the disorder of uric acid metabolism in which uric acid crystals are accumulated in joints, tendons and surrounding tissues which leads to inflammation and pain.
Symptoms of gout include severe pain, redness and swelling in joints, often the big toe.
Drinking alcohol of any type can trigger a gout attack because drinking alcohol leads to accumulation of uric acid crystals in the body.
So, the correct option is 'All the above'

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

In human beings, gout is caused by

  1. Deficiency of iodine

  2. Excessive secretion of thyroid

  3. Excessive liberation of uric acid

  4. Deposition of uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gout is an inherited type of disorder in which body forms the excess amount of uric acid and the crystals of sodium urate that are deposited in the synovial joints and makes movement difficult, it generally affects one or two joints only, the occurrence of gout is related with diet.

So the correct answer is 'Deposition of uric acid'.

Multiple choice disorders of muscular system disorders of muscle and skeleton movement and locomotion in man locomotion and movements biology

Deposition of monosodium urate causes

  1. Gout

  2. Arthritis

  3. Hypertension

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Gout is a metabolic disease in which crystals of uric acid (Monosodium urate) gets deposited in joints, tendons and surrounding soft tissues.
  • Diagnosis includes sudden onset of severe pains, swelling and redness of the joint in great toe of the foot, swelling of joints of the foot, ankle and hands, history of alcohol or red meat intake a day prior to painful attacks.
  • Hence deposition of uric acid in the joints causes gout.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Uric acid'.