Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology body fluids and circulation cardiac disorders cardiac regulation and disorders the blood system

Which of the following is correctly matched for diseases in humans?

  1. Hypertension increase in sytolic blood pressure about 130-140 mm hg and diastolic blood pressure 90-100 mm hg.

  2. Arteriosclerosis hardening of arteries due to deposition of calcium salts resulting in plaque formation.

  3. Atherosclerosis inelastic arteries.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A. The systolic blood pressure is the pressure that develops in arteries when the ventricles contract and the diastolic pressure develops when the ventricles relax. The normal range of blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. In hypertension, the blood pressure elevates to 130-140 mm Hg systolic and 90-100 mm Hg diastolic pressure.

B. Arteriosclerosis occurs due to deposition of plaque in the arteries. This can occur due to deposition of calcium, cholesterol etc. It is linked with hypertension and Diabetes Miletus.
C. Atherosclerosis results due to building up of fatty deposits in arteries due to which they become inelastic. 
Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Low levels of adrenal cortex hormones result in :

  1. Addison disease

  2. Cushing syndrome

  3. tetany

  4. goiter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormone (Cortisol) that is a glucocorticoid hormone results in the Addison disease.

Effects on the physiology of the body are as following-
  • Blood sodium (low)
  • Blood potassium(More)
  • Blood glucose(Low)
  • Blood pressure(Low) 

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Deficiency of insulin in human beings causes:

  1. Blood coagulation

  2. Beri Beri

  3. Diabetes

  4. Dermatitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Deficiency of insulin in human beings causes diabetes.


 Diabetes is a disease in which your blood glucose or blood sugar levels are too high, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both.

Option C is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

The disease diabetes mellitus is caused by the deficiency of:

  1. Iodine.

  2. Insulin.

  3. Phenyl alanine hydroxylase.

  4. Lysine.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The disease of diabetes mellitus is caused by the deficiency of Insulin.

 
It is a disease in which body stops producing insulin or body doesn't make enough insulin, can't use the insulin it does produce or a combination of both, resulting in high blood glucose (blood sugar).

Hence,option $B$ is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Increased blood pressure may be caused by the excess secretion of:

  1. Thyroxin.

  2. Testosterone.

  3. Estradiol.

  4. Adrenaline.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Increased blood pressure may be caused by the excess secretion of adrenaline. This powerful hormone is a part of the human body's acute stress response system.


 It work by stimulating the heart rate, contracting blood vessels, and dilating air passages, all of which work to increase blood flow to the muscles and oxygen to the lungs.

Hence,option D is correct.

Multiple choice chemistry biomolecules enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

Insulin production and its action in human body are responsible for the level of diabetes. This compound belongs to which of the following categories :

  1. A coezyme

  2. A hormone

  3. An enzyme

  4. An antibiotic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A hormone is a class of signaling molecules produced by glands inmulticellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour. Insulin is a hormone which are responsible for the level of sugar in blood and hence maintaining the level of diabetes.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

In an alcohol addict

  1. The blood sugar level is low

  2. The blood sugar level is high

  3. The blood sugar level is normal

  4. The sugar absorption is impaired
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Excessive alcohol consumption causes chronic inflammation of the pancreas i.e. pancreatitis, which impairs its ability to secrete insulin. Insulin is a hormone necessary for maintaining the normal concentration of glucose in the blood. It promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen i.e. glycogenesis for storage in liver and muscle cells. Deficiency of insulin raises the blood sugar glucose and may lead to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice group 17 elements - trends in chemical properties group 17 elements - properties p- block elements-ii p-block elements chemistry

Iodine deficiency in diet is ____.


  1. Solutions of iodine in KI are used in treatment of Goiter.


  2. Goiter is enlargement of thyroid gland.


  3. Iodine deficiency in diet is known to cause Goiter.

  4. Iodine is necessary for normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation
Iodine is necessary for normal functioning of the thyroid gland.
Iodine deficiency in diet is known to cause Goiter.
Goiter is enlargement of thyroid gland.
Solutions of iodine in KI are used in treatment of Goiter.
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following has no connection with secretion of hormones?

  1. Rickets and mongolism

  2. Diabetes mellitus and cretinism

  3. Gigantism and exophthalmia

  4. Cretinism and diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Rickets is defective mineralization or calcification of bones before epiphyseal closure in immature mammals due to deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D, phosphorus or calcium, leading to fractures and deformity. 

Down syndrome, trisomy 21 or the older term mongolism is a condition in which a person is born with certain distinctive features: flat face, short neck and a degree of mental delay (mental retardation). It is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of an extra third copy of chromosome 21.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Deficiency of hormones is caused to due to

  1. Hyposecretion

  2. Hyperscretion

  3. Sweating

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  •  Hyposecretion- too little of any hormone in the body can be caused by a large pituitary tumour, which interferes with the pituitary gland's ability to produce hormones. Hence, Deficiency of hormones is caused to due to Hyposecretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyposecretion'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Excess secretion of growth hormone in adults leads to

  1. acromegaly

  2. goitre

  3. gigantism

  4. dwarfism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Overproduction of growth hormone causes excessive growth. In children, the condition is called gigantism. In adults, it is called acromegaly. Overproduction of growth hormone is almost always caused by a noncancerous (benign) pituitary tumor (adenoma). 

So, the correct option is 'acromegaly'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Excess of hormones is caused due to

  1. Hypersecretion

  2. Hyposecretion

  3. Endosecretion

  4. Exosecretion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Hypersecretion means excessive production of a bodily secretion. 
  • Hypersecretion - too much of any hormone in the body is caused by a secretory pituitary tumour. Hyposecretion- too little of any hormone in the body can be caused by a large pituitary tumour, which interferes with the pituitary gland's ability to produce hormones. Hence, Excess of hormones is caused due to Hypersecretion.
So, the correct answer is 'Hypersecretion'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Hypersecretion of GH from pituitary in the adult causes a
disease called

  1. Gigantism

  2. Acromegaly

  3. Cushing's disease

  4. Addison's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Hypersecretion of growth hormones or catastrophic hormone during adulthood causes acromegaly. Acromegaly patient has a gorilla like appearance with huge hands and legs.

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Which of the following causes indigestion?

  1. Ulcer

  2. Thyroidism

  3. Pancreatitis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Difficulty in digestion is called indigestion. It occurs as a symptom of diseases like gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcers, thyroidism, pancratitis and gall bladder diseases. It can cause abdominal pain, burning stomach, nausea, belching and vomiting.

So, the answer is 'All of the above'.