Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

617 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases are caused by the thyroid gland?

  1. Graves´ disease

  2. Depression

  3. Acromegaly

  4. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland). Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone from the pituitary gland, and diabetes is related to insulin production by the pancreas.

Multiple choice

Dwarfism is caused by a deficiency of

  1. growth hormone

  2. insulin hormone

  3. calcitonin hormone

  4. adrenaline hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pituitary dwarfism is caused by an underproduction (deficiency) of growth hormone (GH) during childhood, which restricts normal bone and tissue development. Deficiencies in insulin, calcitonin, or adrenaline lead to other distinct metabolic or physiological conditions.

Multiple choice

Testosterone is responsible for

  1. gigantism

  2. male sex characteristics

  3. menstrual cycles

  4. heart rhythms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass.

Multiple choice

Inadequate iodine intake leads to?

  1. Rickets

  2. Osteoporosis

  3. Anameia

  4. Goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in iodine prevents the thyroid gland from producing enough hormones, leading to its enlargement, a condition known as a goitre (or goiter).

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

Urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is

  1. Tasteless and thick

  2. Sweet and thick

  3. Tasteless and watery

  4. Sweet and watery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Diabetes insipidus is a rare disorder that occurs when a person's kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid dilute and odourless.
  • People with diabetes insipidus have normal blood glucose levels; however, their kidneys cannot balance fluid in the body. 
  • Hence, the Urine of a human being suffering from diabetes insipidus is Tasteless and watery.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Tasteless and watery'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

In absence of ADH, the disease caused is

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Oliguria

  4. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water during the process of filtering blood. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, which prevents dehydration, or the kidney's inability to respond to ADH. ADH enables the kidneys to retain water in the body. The hormone is produced in the hypothalamus. It is stored and released from the pituitary gland.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Which of the following conditions is not linked to deficiency of thyroid hormone?

  1. Cretinism

  2. Goitre

  3. Myxoedema

  4. Exopthalmia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hypothyroidism is a disorder caused due to deficiency of thyroid hormone. It may lead to cretinism, myxoedema, simple goitre, Hashimoto's disease. Exopthalamic goitre is thyroid enlargement in which thyroid secretes excessive amount of thyroid hormone. It is caused due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Simple goitre is caused due to the lack of iodine in the diet which causes hypothyroidism. It is a deficiency disease and is easily reversible by a proper intake of iodine. Iodine helps in the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. Due to the above-stated reasons, the answer is true.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Use of iodised salt is to prevent

  1. Rickets

  2. Scurvy

  3. Goitre

  4. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Goiter is the condition caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland (a gland in the neck that produces hormones) needs iodine that helps to manufacture thyroid hormones (chemicals released into the bloodstream that controls the body's growth and metabolism). If our body doesn't receive enough iodine, our thyroid gland becomes underactive and increases in size called as goiter.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Type I and Type II diabetes differ from one another in that

  1. Type I reduce body weight and type II increases body weight

  2. Type I does not produce diabetic ketoacidosis while type II produces it

  3. Type I increases body weight and type II reduces body weight

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-infectious disease is a kind of disease which are not caused by pathogens. Instead they are caused by lifestyle factors, environmental toxins or gene mutations.

Non communicable disease is a non-infectious  half condition that does not spread from person to person, bot lasts for longer period of time.
Eg. of Non-infectious non communicable diseases are cancer, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, Diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, etc
Diabetes is a disease in which the body cannot produce enough insulin, hormone that regulates blood sugar. There are two main types of diabetes-

Type 1 diabetes - Person suffering from type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin. People with type 1 diabetes may experience irritability and mood changes and unintentionally weight loss. Type 1 diabetes is called juvenile onset diabetes, as it often begin in childhood.

Type 2 diabetes - Person suffering from type 2 diabetes does not produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes is called adult onset diabetes. Factor contributing is excess weight, inactivity, genetical and environmental factor

Hence the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is type 1 reduces body weight whole as type 2 increases body weight.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra:

  1. salts

  2. glucose

  3. insulin

  4. glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes.
  • It is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
  •  Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. 
  • When you have diabetes, excess sugar (glucose) builds up in your blood. If your kidneys can't keep up, the excess sugar is excreted into your urine, dragging along fluids from your tissues. Hence, A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra glucose.
So, the correct answer is 'glucose'.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Goitre can occur either due to hypothyroidism ( endemic goitre ) or hyperthyroidism (exophthalmic goitre ). Which of the following is a correct comparison among the both?

  1. Hypothyroidism - High body temperature , Hyperthyroidism - Low body temperature

  2. Hypothyroidism - Low blood pressure , Hyperthyroidism - High blood pressure

  3. Hypothyroidism - Increased appetite , Hyperthyroidism - Bulging of eye balls

  4. Hypothyroidism - Bulging of eye balls , Hyperthyroidism - Tendency towards
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Exophthalmic goitre is characterised by increased body temperature, high blood pressure, bulging of eyeballs, weight loss despite increased appetite, rapid heart beat, nervousness, etc. Endemic goitre is characterised by abnormal cold sensitivity, excessive fatigue, insomnia, low blood pressure.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Name the condition when the concentration of ketone body increases in urine.

  1. Acromegaly

  2. Diabetes mellitus

  3. Diabetes insipidus

  4. Cushing's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acidosis is due to rapid fat catabolism. This leads to high levels of acetoacetic acid, which is converted to acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. These three molecules known as ketone bodies. The presence of excreted ketone bodies in urine and in expired air is used as one diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus. Thus, the correct answer is option B.