Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Choose the correct statement: If the vasopressin receptor of a man is defective. Then

  1. He suffer from low blood pressure and dehydration.

  2. Shows hyperglycemic condition. c)

  3. Excessive thirst does not occurs

  4. The urea level in the urine is higher than the normal.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Vasopressin regulates the tonicity of body fluids. It is released from the posterior pituitary in response to hypertonicity and causes the kidneys to reabsorb solute-free water and return it to the circulation from the tubules of the nephron, thus returning the tonicity of the body fluids toward normal.
  • If vasopressin receptors are absent, it would result in increased loss of water from the body, leading to dehydration, increased thirst and Increased blood pressure.
So, the correct option is 'He suffers from low blood pressure and dehydration'.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Increase in blood pressure is known as

  1. Hypertension

  2. Hypotension

  3. Hyperglycemia

  4. Hypochromia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hypertension is defined as an increase in the blood pressure in the arteries. It is a severe condition which may lead to heart strokes. Normal blood pressure at rest is within the range of 100-140 mm Hg systolic (top reading) and 60-90 mm Hg diastolic (bottom reading). 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Hypotension may not be due to

  1. Loss of fluid

  2. Loss of blood

  3. Endocrine disorder

  4. Excessive fluid intake.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hypotension (low blood pressure) is often caused by fluid loss, blood loss, or endocrine issues. Excessive fluid intake would typically increase blood volume and potentially raise blood pressure rather than lower it.

Multiple choice biology human body and organ system blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Which of the following trigger renin-angiotens in the system?

  1. Increased blood sugar

  2. High CI concentration in the blood

  3. Lowered blood pressure

  4. Increased sodium retention
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
When renal blood flow is reduced, the enzyme renin is secreted by the kidney cells. This promotes the conversion of angiotensinogen, produced by the liver, to angiotensin, which stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys. This raises the blood volume and the flow of blood through the kidneys, suppressing renin production and reducing aldosterone secretion.
So the correct answer is lowered blood pressure. 
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination gastrointestinal tract and liver hormones of heart, kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract coordination in human beings- chemical control

Hypokalemia is caused by the overproduction of

  1. Secretin

  2. VIP

  3. Doucrinin

  4. GIP
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Watery diarrhoea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria, is caused by overproduction of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) which stimulates fluid and electrolyte secretion in the intestinal epithelium via activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway. Hence, Hypokalemia is caused by the overproduction of VIP.
So, the correct answer is 'VIP'.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Simple goitre can be prevented by using iodised salt in food.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Simple goitre is caused due to the lack of iodine in the diet which causes hypothyroidism. It is a deficiency disease and is easily reversible by a proper intake of iodine. Iodine helps in the synthesis of thyroxine hormone. Due to the above-stated reasons, the answer is true.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Use of iodised salt is to prevent

  1. Rickets

  2. Scurvy

  3. Goitre

  4. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Goiter is the condition caused by the deficiency of thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland (a gland in the neck that produces hormones) needs iodine that helps to manufacture thyroid hormones (chemicals released into the bloodstream that controls the body's growth and metabolism). If our body doesn't receive enough iodine, our thyroid gland becomes underactive and increases in size called as goiter.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Type I and Type II diabetes differ from one another in that

  1. Type I reduce body weight and type II increases body weight

  2. Type I does not produce diabetic ketoacidosis while type II produces it

  3. Type I increases body weight and type II reduces body weight

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-infectious disease is a kind of disease which are not caused by pathogens. Instead they are caused by lifestyle factors, environmental toxins or gene mutations.

Non communicable disease is a non-infectious  half condition that does not spread from person to person, bot lasts for longer period of time.
Eg. of Non-infectious non communicable diseases are cancer, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, Diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, etc
Diabetes is a disease in which the body cannot produce enough insulin, hormone that regulates blood sugar. There are two main types of diabetes-

Type 1 diabetes - Person suffering from type 1 diabetes does not produce insulin. People with type 1 diabetes may experience irritability and mood changes and unintentionally weight loss. Type 1 diabetes is called juvenile onset diabetes, as it often begin in childhood.

Type 2 diabetes - Person suffering from type 2 diabetes does not produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes is called adult onset diabetes. Factor contributing is excess weight, inactivity, genetical and environmental factor

Hence the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is type 1 reduces body weight whole as type 2 increases body weight.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra:

  1. salts

  2. glucose

  3. insulin

  4. glucagon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Diabetes mellitus is commonly known as diabetes.
  • It is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
  •  Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. 
  • When you have diabetes, excess sugar (glucose) builds up in your blood. If your kidneys can't keep up, the excess sugar is excreted into your urine, dragging along fluids from your tissues. Hence, A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra glucose.
So, the correct answer is 'glucose'.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Goitre can occur either due to hypothyroidism ( endemic goitre ) or hyperthyroidism (exophthalmic goitre ). Which of the following is a correct comparison among the both?

  1. Hypothyroidism - High body temperature , Hyperthyroidism - Low body temperature

  2. Hypothyroidism - Low blood pressure , Hyperthyroidism - High blood pressure

  3. Hypothyroidism - Increased appetite , Hyperthyroidism - Bulging of eye balls

  4. Hypothyroidism - Bulging of eye balls , Hyperthyroidism - Tendency towards
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Exophthalmic goitre is characterised by increased body temperature, high blood pressure, bulging of eyeballs, weight loss despite increased appetite, rapid heart beat, nervousness, etc. Endemic goitre is characterised by abnormal cold sensitivity, excessive fatigue, insomnia, low blood pressure.

Multiple choice zoology our health harmful microorganism for humans microbes and diseases categories of diseases

Name the condition when the concentration of ketone body increases in urine.

  1. Acromegaly

  2. Diabetes mellitus

  3. Diabetes insipidus

  4. Cushing's disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Acidosis is due to rapid fat catabolism. This leads to high levels of acetoacetic acid, which is converted to acetone and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. These three molecules known as ketone bodies. The presence of excreted ketone bodies in urine and in expired air is used as one diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice

What is the term for a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels?

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Hypertension

  3. Dyslipidemia

  4. Obesity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels due to the body's inability to produce or effectively use insulin.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones?

  1. Hypoglycemia

  2. Weight gain

  3. Edema

  4. Lactic acidosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Weight gain is a common adverse effect of thiazolidinediones, which are a class of antidiabetic drugs.