Biology

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders

674 Questions

Endocrine and metabolic disorders focus on diseases caused by hormonal imbalances, such as goitre, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism. Test takers will find questions related to disease causes, diagnostic tests like Cushing's syndrome indicators, and clinical treatments. This is a crucial biology topic frequently asked in medical entrance and public service commission examinations.

Thyroid gland disordersGoitre causesDiabetes mellitus characteristicsHyperthyroidism treatmentsGrowth hormone deficiency

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Questions

Multiple choice biology control and co-ordination in plants and animals control of blood glucose hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary

Myxedema is caused by

  1. Hyperthyroidism

  2. Hypothyroidism

  3. Diabetes Mellitus

  4. Hypermetropia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Myxedema refers to a severe form of hypothyroidism than can occur when the condition is left untreated or is not treated sufficiently. The term also applies to the effects that hypothyroidism can have on the skin, making it appear swollen and puffy.

Multiple choice

Anorexia can result in:

  1. Increase in glycogen stores

  2. Breakdown of heart muscle

  3. Increase in dissolved oxygen in the blood

  4. Breakdown of bones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Anorexia nervosa involves severe caloric restriction. When the body exhausts fat stores, it begins to catabolize muscle tissue, including the heart muscle, which can lead to fatal cardiac complications.

Multiple choice

Starvation can lead to:

  1. Breakdown of body tissue

  2. Creation of body tissue

  3. Decrease in blood pressure

  4. Increase in metabolism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

During prolonged starvation, the body enters a catabolic state to survive. It breaks down stored glycogen, then fat, and eventually structural body tissues like muscle to provide energy.

Multiple choice

Diabetes mellitus is caused by defeciency of which harmone

  1. Prolactin

  2. Insulin

  3. Seratonin

  4. Dopamine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, resulting from a deficiency in the production or action of the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas.

Multiple choice

Does type 1 diabetes make insulin resistant?

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to a severe lack of insulin. Insulin resistance, where cells fail to respond properly to insulin, is the hallmark of Type 2 diabetes.

Multiple choice

Type 2 diabetes occurs from

  1. reduced insulin production

  2. increase insulin production

  3. inability of insulin to bind to its receptors

  4. A & C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where cells fail to respond properly to insulin due to receptor issues, combined with a progressive decrease in insulin production by the pancreas over time.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases are caused by the thyroid gland?

  1. Graves´ disease

  2. Depression

  3. Acromegaly

  4. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid gland). Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone from the pituitary gland, and diabetes is related to insulin production by the pancreas.

Multiple choice

Dwarfism is caused by a deficiency of

  1. growth hormone

  2. insulin hormone

  3. calcitonin hormone

  4. adrenaline hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pituitary dwarfism is caused by an underproduction (deficiency) of growth hormone (GH) during childhood, which restricts normal bone and tissue development. Deficiencies in insulin, calcitonin, or adrenaline lead to other distinct metabolic or physiological conditions.

Multiple choice

Testosterone is responsible for

  1. gigantism

  2. male sex characteristics

  3. menstrual cycles

  4. heart rhythms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass.

Multiple choice

Inadequate iodine intake leads to?

  1. Rickets

  2. Osteoporosis

  3. Anameia

  4. Goitre
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Iodine is a key component of thyroid hormones. A deficiency in iodine prevents the thyroid gland from producing enough hormones, leading to its enlargement, a condition known as a goitre (or goiter).

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation regulation of urine formation properties of urine and regulation of urine formation coordination in human beings- chemical control

In absence of ADH, the disease caused is

  1. Diabetes mellitus

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Oliguria

  4. Acromegaly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to conserve water during the process of filtering blood. Diabetes insipidus is caused by a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin, which prevents dehydration, or the kidney's inability to respond to ADH. ADH enables the kidneys to retain water in the body. The hormone is produced in the hypothalamus. It is stored and released from the pituitary gland.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination classification of hormones endocrine system and hormone hormones and metabolism

Which of the following conditions is not linked to deficiency of thyroid hormone?

  1. Cretinism

  2. Goitre

  3. Myxoedema

  4. Exopthalmia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Hypothyroidism is a disorder caused due to deficiency of thyroid hormone. It may lead to cretinism, myxoedema, simple goitre, Hashimoto's disease. Exopthalamic goitre is thyroid enlargement in which thyroid secretes excessive amount of thyroid hormone. It is caused due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

Multiple choice biology life processes blood pressure circulatory system transportation in animal and plants

Excess of Na++ ions in human system causes____________________

  1. Diabetes

  2. Anemia

  3. Low blood pressure

  4. High blood pressure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • The increasing of the concentration of Sodium ions in blood would attract water from the surrounding issues, because of the osmotic pressure.
The increasing of the total volume of blood makes the blood pressure higher.
Hence,

Option $D$ is the correct answer.