Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Which is the first biochemical to be produced commercially by microbial cloning and genetic engineering ?

  1. Human insulin

  2. Penicillin

  3. Interferons

  4. Fertility factors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Synthetic human insulin was the first biochemical product which is produced commercially by recombinant DNA technology. Before that insulin was extracted from the pig which mimics like human insulin. Currently, millions of diabetics worldwide use synthetic insulin to regulate their blood sugar levels. Synthetic insulin is made in both bacteria and yeast.

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Scaling up in biotechnology means.

  1. Development of a process in laboratory

  2. Development of a laboratory scale plant for obtaining a product

  3. Conversion of laboratory scale process to pilot plant scale

  4. Conversion of a laboratory scale plant to manufacturing unit
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Scaling up is the process of expanding a process from small scale to a larger scale. So, here scaling up is defined as the conversion of a laboratory scale plant into a manufacturing unit.

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

The technology for production of biochips, biosensors and manipulating atoms and molecules, in order to form (build) bigger, but still microscopic, functional structures and machine is called as 

  1. Biotechnology

  2. Nanotechnology

  3. Biometallurgy

  4. Bio-mineralization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nanotechnology is the science and technology of building electronic circuits and devices from single atoms and molecules. Nanotechnology is used to describe many types of research where the characteristic dimensions are less than about 1,000 nanometers. Nanotechnology deals with the molecular make-up and organization of structures. By building materials from the nano-scale up, nanotechnology is able to project the unusual material functionality found at the nanoscale to a useful, applicable measure. Nanotechnology provides new and improved methods for making almost every manufactured products - better transportation, faster computers, energy developments and medical breakthroughs.

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

The science of biotechnology has contributed to field of

  1. Health

  2. Pharmacy

  3. Agriculture and industry

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is the branch of science which deals with the application of biological techniques for human welfare. It involves the modification of genes by the enzymatic action which leads to the production of some biological entity like antibodies, vaccines etc which benefits the mankind by improving health. The vaccines, antibodies, hormones, etc are the pharmaceutical products which help to prevent the transmission of diseases. The plants and the organisms can be genetically modified. The modified plants are resistant to the pests and diseases. The modified organisms can be useful in the production of useful products in the industry.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

The proper definition of biotechnology is

  1. Use of living organisms and of substances obtained from them in industry

  2. Technology used to improve species of animals

  3. Modern technology used in biological laboratories

  4. Advanced technology used in biological warfare
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2). Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. The term is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests. 
So the correct option is 'use of living organisms and of substances obtained from them in industry'.
Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Use of biotechnology for medicinal purposes including production of antibiotics and cures through genomic manipulation is called?

  1. Green biotechnology

  2. Blue biotechnology

  3. Red biotechnology

  4. Grey biotechnology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Red biotechnology(Bio-pharmaceutical) is a process that utilizes organisms to improve health care and help the body to fight diseases. It is a branch of modern biotechnology which is utilized in the field of medicine. Red biotechnology is not only limited to the pharmaceutical industry but also to the medical sector as it facilitates the alleviation of human suffering and enhances the quality of life. It has become tremendous use in clinical research and trials, gene therapy and in diagnostic of the gene. Genetic engineering, production, and development of various medicines to treat different life-threatening diseases, which is a part of the benefits of red biotechnology. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genomic manipulation.

So, the correct option is 'Red biotechnology'.
Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Modern biotechnology consists of 

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Microbiology

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is the integration of natural science and organisms. Biotechnology involves pure biological sciences like animal cell culture, biochemistry, cell biology, embryology, genetics, microbiology, and molecular biology. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering as well as cell and tissue culture technologies. 

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Which one of the following approaches comes under the category of biotechnology?

  1. Use of modern technology to investigate biological disorders

  2. Modernising the commercial industries to produce products for use in biological research

  3. Use of living organisms or substances obtained from them in industrial processes

  4. Use of industrial technology to increase the biosphere
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biotechnology is the broad area of biology involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2). Depending on the tools and applications, it often overlaps with the (related) fields of molecular biology, bio-engineering, biomedical engineering, biomanufacturing, molecular engineering, etc. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. The term is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant gene techniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceutical therapies and diagnostic tests.
So the correct option is 'use of living organisms or substances obtained from them in industrial processes'.
Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because

  1. recombinant genes can be inserted into plant cells by microinjection

  2. a somatic plant cell can grow into a complete plant

  3. more vectors are available for transferring recombinant DNA into plant cells

  4. plant genes do not contain introns
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plants have the ability to grow into a complete plant from a single cell. While animals are only produced by their species and reproduction. Hence, they are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than an animal. 

So, the correct option is 'a somatic plant cell can grow into a complete plant'.

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

A genetically engineered micro - organism used successfully in remeditation of oil spills is a species of

  1. Pseudomonas

  2. Trichoderma

  3. Xanthomonas

  4. Bacillus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marine dwelling bacteria like Pseudomonas and fungi use the hydrocarbons as fuel and emit carbon dioxide as a result. The microbes break down the ring structures of the hydrocarbons in seaborne oil using enzymes and oxygen in the seawater. The end result is ancient oil turned into modern day bacterial biomass.

Multiple choice zoology health and diseases diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases non-infectious diseases

From the given below list, transgenic models exist for which one of them:-

  1. Cancer

  2. Crystic fibrosis

  3. Rheumatoid arthitis

  4. Alzheimer's
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic models are genetically modified organisms in which the genome has been altered through random integration of gene sequences.

Mouse, Rat, Cell genome are some types of models used for cancer treatment.
So, the correct option is 'Cancer'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

Insect-resistant transgenic cotton has been produced by inserting a piece of DNA from.

  1. An insect

  2. A bacterium

  3. A wild relative of cotton

  4. A virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Insect-resistant transgenic cotton, commonly known as Bt cotton, is created by inserting crystal protein genes (cry genes) derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into the cotton genome.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: principles and processes manipulation of dna electrophoresis isolation and separation of dna

A technique utilized by a group of biologists to isolate an antifreeze gene found in cold water species of fish and introduce it into the genome of a different organism is called as 

  1. Cloning

  2. Artificial selection

  3. Selective breeding

  4. Genetic engineering

  5. Sexual recombination
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Genetic engineering is the branch of science which deals with the modification of genes. The desired genes is isolated from the host like the gene for antifreeze protein and are inserted into the vectors. The vectors carries the foreign gene into the desired organism like the fish and then the gene gets introduced into the genome of fish, resulting in the production of the protein.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'Genetic engineering'.