Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The transgenic animals are those which have 

  1. Foreign DNA in some of its cells

  2. Foreign DNA in all its cells

  3. Foreign DNA and RNA in some of its cells

  4. Foreign DNA and RNA in all its cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Transgenic animals are animals that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Such animals are most commonly created by the micro-injection of DNA into the pronuclei of a fertilised egg which is subsequently implanted into the oviduct of a  surrogate mother.
So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology
Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing

  1. transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans

  2. transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac disease

  3. transgenic Cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee

  4. Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In research studies, animals that have been genetically engineered include cattle, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, fish, rats and mice. As scientists have sequenced the genomes of domestic animals, more is known about genes and the traits that they control.

So, the correct option is 'Transgenic mice for testing the safety of the polio vaccine before use in humans'.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Bioreactors are

  1. Transgenic animals

  2. Fermentation factories

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In animals, the production of biologically active recombinant proteins use transgenic animals as bioreactor. Bioreactor or fermentation processes are the core manufacturing process in the biotech industry. 

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Transgenic animal has

  1. Foreign DNA is all its cells

  2. Foreign RNA is all its cells

  3. Foreign DNA is some of the cells

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A transgenic animal is one that carries a foreign gene that has been deliberately inserted into its genome. The foreign gene is constructed using recombinant DNA methodology. A transgenic organism carries in all its cells a foreign gene that was inserted by laboratory techniques. Each transgenic organism is produced by introducing cloned genes, composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from microbes, animals or plants, into plant and animal cells. 

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following ethical issues should be considered for developing transgenic animal?

  1. Yielding capacity

  2. Long term effect on environment

  3. Quality of breed

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The ethical issues considered for developing transgenic animals are yielding capacity, long term effect on the environment, quality of the breed. They include bioethicists, environmentalists. the results of genetic alteration would be suffered and hence such experimentation should be banned (Eg, a pig with no legs)

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Ethics are associated with genetic engineering because of ___________.

  1. Human dignity

  2. Commercialization of genetic research

  3. Fair use of genetic information

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The genetic engineering of animals has increased significantly in recent years, and the use of this technology brings with it ethical issues, some of which relate to animal welfare — defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as “the state of the animal.

How an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives”.
These issues need to be considered by all stakeholders, including veterinarians, to ensure that all parties are aware of the ethical issues at stake and can make a valid contribution to the current debate regarding the creation and use of genetically engineered animals. 

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

All of the followings are associated with replacement principle of animal biotechnology except

  1. Cell culture

  2. Computer models

  3. Epidemiological studies

  4. Improving experimental technique
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The replacement principle involves using non-animal alternatives. Improving experimental techniques is part of the 'Refinement' principle, not 'Replacement'.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The Transgenic animals are generally produced for all of the following needs EXCEPT.

  1. Testing of chemical safety

  2. Testing of vaccine safety

  3. Stimulation of pathogenicity

  4. Production of pharmacologically important proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic animals are used for testing chemical safety, testing vaccine safety, and producing pharmaceutical proteins. 'Stimulation of pathogenicity' is not a standard purpose - transgenic animals may model disease but not 'stimulate pathogenicity,' which is poorly phrased and unclear.

Multiple choice zoology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Which of the following biotechnological product can enhance the immune system?

  1. IL-2

  2. GM-CSF

  3. TNF

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of signaling molecule that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that function as a cytokine -  a white blood cell growth factor and stimulate stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Monocytes exit the circulation and migrate into tissue, whereupon they mature into macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus, it is part of the immune system. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages. The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

The areas of application of PCR include

A. Production of monoclonal antibodies 
B. Insertion of recombinant DNA into an organism
C. Diagnosis of specific mutation
D. Detection of plant pathogens

  1. A, B

  2. B, C

  3. C, D

  4. A, B, C, D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The areas of application of PCR include 

  • Clinical Diagnosis
  • DNA Sequencing 
  • Gene Manipulation and Expression Studies
  •  in Comparative Studies of Genomes
  •  in Forensic Medicine
  •  in Comparison with Gene Cloning


So, the correct option is 'C,D'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

First technique and product produced by biotechnology are:

  1. PCR and detection of disease

  2. ELISA and detection of AIDS

  3. PCR and medicines

  4. Fermentation and Ethanol
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

While fermentation is an ancient biotechnological process, in the context of modern molecular biotechnology, PCR and its application in disease detection are often cited as foundational developments.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

The areas of application of PCR include:


A. Production of monoclonal antibodies.
B. Insertion of recombinant DNA into an organism.
C. Diagnosis of a specific mutation.
D. Detection of plant pathogens.

  1. A B

  2. B, C

  3. C, D

  4. A, B, C, D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option C i.e. "C, D"

PCR is used for diagnosis of diseases in animals and plants, it is also used to identify mutations in DNA. Major applications of PCR are:
(1) Clinical Diagnosis
(2) DNA Sequencing
(3)  Gene Manipulation and Expression Studies
(4) Forensic Medicine and (5) Gene Cloning.

While, Production of monoclonal antibodies is done by Hybridoma technology and insertion of recombinant DNA into organisms is done by transformation or transduction.