Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Which among the following is a tumour inducing plasmid widely used in the production of transgenic plants?

  1. Escherichia coli

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Staphylococcus aureus

  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant transformation mediated by the soil-plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens has become the most used method for plant transformation. A. tumefaciens naturally infects the wound sites in dicotyledonous plant causing the formation of the crown gall tumours. A. tumefaciensis is capable of transferring a particular DNA segment (T-DNA) of the tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nucleus of infected cells where it is subsequently integrated into the host genome and transcribed, causing the crown gall disease.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice _________________.

  1. Gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A

  2. Is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy

  3. Gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma

  4. Does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This question is similar to 487034. Golden Rice is the famous transgenic rice variety associated with Vitamin A, though the term 'basmati' is often used loosely in textbooks to refer to improved rice varieties.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

A regulatory body working under MoEF for the release of transgenic crop is ____________.

  1. NBPGR

  2. NSC

  3. NIPGR

  4. GEAC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) is the regulatory body in India responsible for the approval of activities involving the large-scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Genetically modified crops can be produced by ___________.

  1. Recombinant DNA technology

  2. Somatic hybridisation

  3. Cross breeding

  4. Micropropagation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops are created by inserting specific genes from one organism into another using recombinant DNA technology. This allows for the introduction of desirable traits like pest resistance or improved nutrition.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because -

  1. Economy of developing countries may suffer

  2. These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products

  3. This method is costly

  4. There is danger of coming viruses, allergens and toxins with introduced crop
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
It is difficult for developing countries to keep up and maintain genetically engineered crops. Therefore, the introduction of food plants by genetic engineering is not desirable for developing countries.

So, the correct answer is 'Economy of developing countries may suffer'.
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Biolistices (gene - gun) is suitable for 

  1. disarming pathogen vectors

  2. transformation of plant cells
  3. constructing recombinant $DNA$ by joining with vectors
  4. $DNA$ finger printing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
In genetic engineering, a gene gun or a biolistic particle delivery system, originally designed for plant transformation, is a device for delivering exogenous DNA (transgenes) to cells. The payload is an elemental particle of a heavy metal coated with DNA (typically plasmid DNA). This technique is often simply referred to as biolistics.

This device is able to transform almost any type of cell, including plants, and is not limited to transformation of the nucleus; it can also transform organelles, including plastids.

So the correct option is 'transformation of plant cells'.
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

First transgenic plant released for commercial use was

  1. $Bt-$cotton

  2. tobacco

  3. golden rice

  4. solan gola
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A nematode affected the roots of the tobacco plant on the cost of great production and yield. Strategies adopted to prevent this infection that was based on the process of RNA interference. RNA interference is the phenomena of inhibiting the activity of a gene through production sense and antisense RNA. The method involves a specific and RNA silencing. The result was that the parasite could not survive in a transgenic host expressing specific interfering RNA. Transgenic plant thus gets protected from the parasite.
So, the correct option is 'tobacco'
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants are

  1. Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium

  2. Grown in artificial medium after hybridization in the field

  3. Produced by a somatic embryo in artificial medium

  4. Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are generated with the help of recombinant DNA technology (RDT). Recombinant DNA is a DNA that constitute genes or parts of genes from two or more organisms, usually of different species (or is specifically the gene of interest). Thus, transgenic plants are generated by incorporating foreign DNA into the target organism, and it helps in the formation of the transgenic plant. Transgenic plants are also known as the GMO as the process of genetic engineering and RDT plays an important role in their development.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants are produced by using Ti plasmid from the

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. E.coli

  3. Bacteriophage

  4. Agrobacterium varians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A Ti or tumour inducing plasmid is a circular plasmid that is a part of the genetic equipment that Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes use to transduce its genetic material to plants. The Ti plasmid is lost when Agrobacterium is grown above 28$^o$C. Such, cured bacteria do not induce crown galls, i.e., they become avirulent.