Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany reproduction in angiospermic plants artificial vegetative propagation common modes of vegetative propagation vegetative propagation asexual modes of reproduction

The main technique involved in agricultural biotechnology is called as 

  1. Tissue culture

  2. Transformation

  3. Plant breeding

  4. DNA replilcation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Plant tissue culture relies on the fact that many plant cells have the ability to regenerate a whole plant (totipotency). Single cells, plant cells without cell walls (protoplasts), pieces of leaves, stems or roots can often be used to generate a new plant on culture media given the required nutrients and plant hormones.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology soil pollution industrial chemicals and their harmful effects toxic wastes and their effects soil pollution-causes

When a natural predator (living being) is applied on the other pathogenic organism to control them, this process is called as

  1. Biological control

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Artificial control

  4. Confusion technique
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biological control is a bioeffector-method of controlling pests (including insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases) using other living organisms. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice botany the mitotic cell cycle chromosome and its structure chromosome nucleus and chromosome

Which is not a major function of the genetic material?

  1. Store information

  2. Catalyse chemical reactions

  3. Replicate itself

  4. Undergo mutation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Enzymes are present inside cells for catalyzing chemical reactions. While genetic material is present inside the nucleus as storage of information for all the cellular activities in the form of genes. Genetic material replicates during cell division. It can also undergo mutation during replication. 

So, the correct option is 'Catalyse chemical reactions'.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

The bacteria generally used for genetic engineering is

  1. Agrobacterium

  2. Bacillus

  3. Pseudomonas

  4. Clostridium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a soil plant pathogenic bacterium that carries Ti plasmid. It can transfer a particular segment of the tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nucleus of infected cells. The transferred T-DNA is then integrated into the host genome and transcribed with it. This ability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transfer the T-DNA in the host genome is explored in genetic engineering to transfer the desired DNA segment of up 25kb, carrying the gene of the interest, into the genome of selected organisms. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology insects and human welfare bee keeping apiculture apiculture, sericulture and fisheries

The contrast in the development and social behavior of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, has been shown to depend on whether bee larvae are fed royal jelly or not.
Those larvae fed jelly will accelerate growth and become queens; all others are destined to become drones. The drastically different developmental outcomes occur despite equivalent genomes, suggesting an epigenetic mechanism.

Which of the following choices would be a feasible mechanism to investigate?

  1. Recombination of genomic DNA leading to the loss and expression of relevant genes.

  2. Post-translation modification leading to altered function of the proteins involved in development.

  3. Methylation of histone proteins or genomic DNA resulting in the silencing of genes.

  4. Examining the jelly for genetic material that when incorporated into the larvae, promote the royal pathway.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A- Recombinant DNA technology is utilized to alter a known DNA sequence from one organism and introduce it into another organism by modifying the genotype. Genetic recombination permits new genetic combinations accelerating the genetic diversity in a particular population thereby, leading to the loss & expression of the relevant genes. Genetic recombination results in the evolution in response to the changes in the environment.

Multiple choice biology option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure

Use of transgenic plants as biological factories for the production of special chemicals is called as

  1. Molecular farming

  2. Molecular genetics

  3. Molecular mapping

  4. Dry farming
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Molecular genetics is the study of structure and function of gene and regulation of its expression. It includes isolation and characterization of genes and identification of regulatory sequences. 
Molecular farming is transfer of genes of industrial importance to plants and animals for production of chemicals, for example production of transgenic animals for increased milk production. 
Molecular mapping is identification of loci of genes and their relative distance on chromosomes; DNA finger printing and genomic imprinting are most common techniques used for the purpose. 
Dry farming refers to crop production without irrigation, i.e., under limited moisture conditions; it is practiced for dry lands where water availability is low. 
Multiple choice biology option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure

Desired genes have been introduced into transgenic animals to obtain large-scale production of useful biological products encoded by these genes. This approach is generally referred to as _____________.

  1. Hybridoma technology

  2. Molecular farming

  3. Gene therapyx

  4. Downstream processing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Molecular farming refers to the use of transgenic plants or animals as bioreactors to produce useful biological products, such as proteins or pharmaceuticals.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Ti-plasmid used in genetic engineering has been modified by

  1. Adding tumour forming genes

  2. Deleting tumour forming genes

  3. Adding genes for endonucleases

  4. Deleting genes for endonucleases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The correct option is B.
Ti plasmid that is tumer-inducing plasmid refers to the plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Role of Ti plasmid in biotechnology is that it can be modified into a cloning vector by removing the genes responsible for pathogenicity.