Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

What is true among the following w.r.t transgenic cows? 

  1. The milk had a protein called human $\alpha - lactalbumin $

  2. The 1st transgenic cow was called Rosie

  3. Both A and B are correct

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The first transgenic cow was Rosie and was produced in 1997. It carried the gene for human alpha-lactalbumin.

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B are correct'.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

In which of the following method, foreign DNA is coated on the tungsten particle?

  1. Microprojectile gun method

  2. Microinjection method

  3. Liposome-mediated gene transfer

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Microprojectile gun method is a device for delivering exogenous DNA to cells. Here, the impregnation of the cells with nucleic acid or with other biological molecules is achieved by coating the molecules that are intended to be introduced in to the cells on to micro carriers which generally is high density tungsten micro particles.
Microinjection is a technique of delivering foreign DNA into a living cell through a glass micropipette.
Liposome-mediated gene transfer is cell-type-specific gene transfer vehicles in vitro and in vivo using liposome.
so, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is needed for gene transformation and its screening in animals?

  1. Foreign DNA

  2. Plasmid

  3. Selectable marker

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Successful gene transformation requires the foreign DNA itself, a vector (like a plasmid) to carry it, and a selectable marker to identify which cells have successfully taken up the DNA.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following principle is associated with the ethics of animal use in genetic engineering?

  1. Reduction of animal use

  2. Refinement of husbandry

  3. Replacement of animal with non-animal alternatives

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The '3Rs' principle (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) is the standard ethical framework for the use of animals in scientific research.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is more sufferer?

  1. Native animals

  2. Transgenic animals

  3. Both A and B

  4. Hybrid animal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both native animals and transgenic animals suffer in different ways - native animals from ecological disruption and competition, and transgenic animals from the genetic manipulation procedures and health effects. The question asks which suffers more, and the answer implies both experience significant suffering.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

.......... was produced by the slaughtering of the pig but now it is stopped due to genetic engineering.

  1. Meat

  2. Insulin

  3. Both A and B

  4. Fats
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Animal insulin is derived from cows and pigs. Until the 1980s, animal insulin was the only treatment for insulin dependent diabetes. These days the use of animal insulin has largely been replaced by human insulin and human analogue insulin, however, animal insulin is still available on prescription.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following describes the relation between genetic engineering and the health of environment

  1. Bioremediation

  2. Biomagnification

  3. Eutrophication

  4. Bioaccumulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bioremediation is the use of living micro organisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and the environment.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following ethic should be employed when conducting genetic engineering?

  1. Environmental ethic

  2. Organizational ethic

  3. Animal ethic

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ethics means a branch of philosophy that deals with human conduct and how right or wrong an action or the motives behind an action may be. 
Environmental ethics and animal ethics should be strictly followed before when genetic engineering is been conducted as any technology should not harm the environment as well as animal life.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The transgenic animals are those which have 

  1. Foreign DNA in some of its cells

  2. Foreign DNA in all its cells

  3. Foreign DNA and RNA in some of its cells

  4. Foreign DNA and RNA in all its cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Transgenic animals are animals that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Such animals are most commonly created by the micro-injection of DNA into the pronuclei of a fertilised egg which is subsequently implanted into the oviduct of a  surrogate mother.
So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology
Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing

  1. transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans

  2. transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac disease

  3. transgenic Cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee

  4. Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In research studies, animals that have been genetically engineered include cattle, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, fish, rats and mice. As scientists have sequenced the genomes of domestic animals, more is known about genes and the traits that they control.

So, the correct option is 'Transgenic mice for testing the safety of the polio vaccine before use in humans'.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Bioreactors are

  1. Transgenic animals

  2. Fermentation factories

  3. Both (A) and (B)

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A bioreactor may refer to any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In animals, the production of biologically active recombinant proteins use transgenic animals as bioreactor. Bioreactor or fermentation processes are the core manufacturing process in the biotech industry.