Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Plasmids are suitable vectors for gene cloning because they are

  1. Small circular DNA molecules with their own origin of replication site

  2. Small circular DNA molecules which can integrate with host chromosomal DNA

  3. Having antibiotic genes

  4. Able to shuttle between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmids are ideal vectors because they are small, circular, and contain an origin of replication, which ensures they can be maintained and copied by the host cell.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Plasmids are used as vectors in genetic engineering because of their

  1. Resistance to antibiotics

  2. Resistance to restriction enzymes

  3. Ability to carry foreign genes

  4. Ability to cause infection in host
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmids are used as vectors because they can be engineered to carry foreign genes and replicate within a host organism.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Insect tolerant gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced using $T 1$ plasmid of _______.

  1. Escherichia coli

  2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  3. Haemophilus influenzae

  4. Arabidopsis thaliana
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the standard tool used to introduce insect-resistant genes, such as those from Bacillus thuringiensis, into plants.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Which of the following is correctly matched?

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens- Tumour

  2. pBR 322- Enzyme

  3. Thermus aquaticus- Bt gene

  4. Ligase- Molecular scissors

  5. Hind II- Plasmid vector
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens contains a Ti plasmid that causes crown gall disease (tumors) in plants. Other options are incorrectly matched; for example, Hind II is a restriction enzyme, not a vector.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

pBR $322$ which is frequently used as a vector for cloning gene in E.coli is?

  1. An original bacterial plasmid

  2. A modified bacterial plasmid

  3. A viral genome

  4. A transposon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmids like pBR322 are not naturally occurring raw plasmids found directly in bacteria in that exact form. Instead, they are artificially constructed cloning vectors derived by modifying natural bacterial plasmids to include antibiotic resistance genes and unique restriction sites.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

The transgenic plant 'Flavr Savr' tomato carries an artificial gene for

  1. Delayed ripening process

  2. Longer shelf life

  3. Enhanced flavour

  4. All of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Flavr Savr is a genetically modified tomato  for human consumption. The transgenic plant 'Flavr Savr' tomato carries an artificial gene for slowing down the ripening process of the tomato and thus prevent it from softening and retains its natural colour , flavour and its shelf life. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Match column I containing transgenic organisms with their specific characteristics in column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.
Column I                   Column II
A. Golden rice        (i) Protein-enriched milk
B. Bt cotton            (ii) Increased shelf life
C. Flavr Savr          (iii) Enriched with vitamin A
D. Rosie cow         (iv) High yield and pest resistant

  1. A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)

  2. A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)

  3. A-(ii), B-(iv), D-(iii), D-(i)

  4. A-(i_, B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Column I                   Column II
A. Golden rice        (iii) Enriched with vitamin A ( It is the improved variety of rice enriched with vitamin A).
B. Bt cotton             (iv) High yield and pest resistant ( Bt toxin are the toxins that kills harmful pests and responsible for high yield) .
C. Flavr Savr            (ii) Increased shelf life ( It is the improved variety of tomato that has long shelf life and causing them to soften ).
D. Rosie cow            (i) Protein-enriched milk ( Rosie is the first transgenic cow produced human protein rich milk i.e; 2.4 g per litres containing alpha-lactalbumin) .

So, the correct option is 'Option A' . 
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants are the ones

  1. Grown on artificial medium after hybridisation in the field

  2. Produced after protoplast fusion in artificial medium

  3. Produced by somatic embryo on artificial medium

  4. Generated by introducing foreign DNA into a cell and regenerating plant from that cell
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are defined by the stable integration of foreign DNA (transgenes) into their genome, which is then expressed in the plant cells.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants are developed by

  1. Introducing foreign genes

  2. Introducing gene mutations

  3. Deleting certain chromosome parts

  4. Stopping spindle formation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are created by the introduction of foreign genes (transgenes) into the plant genome using techniques like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or biolistics.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

In an experiment the gene of bioluminescence from firefly has been successfully transferred into a plant as a result of which it started to glow. In the terminology of the molecular genetics, the plant is called ___________.

  1. Firefly plant

  2. Hybrid plant

  3. Transgenic plant

  4. Bioluminescent plant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics. They are identified as a class of genetically modified organism (GMO). In this case, firefly's gene is transferred to the plant, hence the plant is called transgenic plant.


So, the correct answer is 'Transgenic plant'.