Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice

Why is the potato debate especially unique?

  1. The GMO potato can provide benefit to the customer

  2. The potato does not brown

  3. The potato cannot be bruised

  4. The potato is easier for farmers to grow
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The GMO potato debate is considered unique because it focuses on consumer benefits (reduced browning, bruising resistance) rather than just farmer benefits. Unlike other GMOs aimed primarily at producer advantages, the GMO potato was marketed directly to consumers.

Multiple choice

What is a benefit of engineering GMOs?

  1. Can resist disease

  2. May create new strains of superweeds

  3. May have unknown effects

  4. May produce unwanted resistance to pesticides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

One of the primary goals of genetic engineering in agriculture is to create crops that are resistant to diseases, pests, or environmental stressors, thereby increasing yields.

Multiple choice

What is a GMO?

  1. Generally Modified Organelle

  2. Genetically Modified Organism

  3. Genetically Modified Oh

  4. General Manaing Operator
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism, which refers to any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Multiple choice

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of

  1. Rhizobium

  2. Rhizobium

  3. Escherichia

  4. Mycobacterium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced using transgenic Escherichia coli bacteria engineered with the human insulin gene. The E. coli fermentation system allows mass production of pure human insulin (Humulin). Rhizobium and Mycobacterium are not used for commercial insulin production. Note: Options A and B are duplicates.

Multiple choice

Whats the difference between genetic modification and selective breeding?

  1. Genetically modified organisms

  2. Happens in the Ag shop

  3. Genetic Modification happens in a lab and not in nature

  4. Created in a garage with fish
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic modification involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology in a laboratory setting, whereas selective breeding relies on natural reproductive processes over generations.

Multiple choice

What does GMO Stand For?

  1. Genetically Made Organism

  2. Genes moved over

  3. Genetically Modified Organisms

  4. Genetic Manipulation Organization
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

GMO is the standard acronym for Genetically Modified Organism, referring to any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Multiple choice

What are genetically modified crops?

  1. pesticides

  2. growing plants in absence of soil

  3. The ability to introduce new ideas and technologies to create change

  4. Crops that have been modified to improve yield, nutrition, or production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops are plants whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This is typically done to enhance desirable traits such as pest resistance, improved yield, or better nutritional content.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

.......... was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption.

  1. Bt Cotton

  2. Flavr Savr tomato

  3. Bt brinjal

  4. Golden rice
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
A.Bt cotton - a transgenic plant with a Cry gene to produce Bt protein.
B.Flavr Savr tomato - a transgenic plant have storage ability
C.Bt brinjal - a transgenic plant with a Cry gene to produce Bt protein.
C.Golden rice - a transgenic plant with more amount of vitamin C.
So the correct option is 'Flavr Savr tomato ' .
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

A genetically manipulated organism containing in its genome one or more inserted gene of another species is called as

  1. Transposon

  2. Gene expression

  3. Transgenic organism

  4. Retroposons
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transposons are movable DNA sequences that can move (or jump) from one location in the genome to another and are found in bacteria. They leave a copy of themselves in the original position when they move to a new site. This phenomenon is significant  in antibiotic resistance. 

Retroposons are variants of transposons that move via an intermediate RNA form. They transcribe DNA element into RNA which is then reverse transcribed into DNA. This newly formed cDNA is inserted at a new site in the genome. The process of synthesis of a functional gene product using the information from a gene is gene expression. Functional product of protein coding genes is protein, but non-protein coding genes code for as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. 
Organisms carrying one/more gene or genes from a different species/organism is a transgenic. They are produced to impart advantageous traits which were not there in them. 

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

Gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis is introduced into soyabean.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified organisms are those whose genome is altered by transgene using the genetic engineering techniques to produce genetically modified foods. The genome of the modified organisms is altered by the gene of unrelated organisms. 

GM Soybeans are produced for various benefits and one of them is glyphosate resistance which is done by introducing the genes from Agrobacterium tumifacians  and the resulted GM plants are called as Roundup Ready Soybeans.
Therefore the statement is false because Bacillus thuringiensis genes are not used for GM Soybeans. It is used for Bt-cotton.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

The genetically modified (GM) brinjal in India has been developed for

  1. Enhancing mineral content

  2. Drought resistance

  3. Insect resistance

  4. Enhancing shelf life
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive bacterium that produces crystals during sporulation. These crystals comprise ~130 kDa protoxins called crystal proteins which are potent and highly specific insecticides. Once ingested by specific host, these crystals dissolve in the alkaline conditions of the gut thereby activating the protoxins. The active toxins then bind to receptors on midgut epithelial cells, become inserted into the plasma membrane where they form pores leading to cell death through osmotic lysis. This special feature of Bt toxin was explored in genetic engineering to produce bioinsecticidal Bt brinjal plants. Correct answer is C.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology biotechnological regulations pcr asexual modes of reproduction

The genetically modified crops (GM) may contain the gene of interest from

  1. Closely related species

  2. Distantly related species

  3. Bacteria or animals

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops can incorporate genes from various sources, including closely related species, distantly related species, bacteria, or animals, to introduce desired traits like pest resistance or drought tolerance.

Multiple choice biology immunity and blood groups organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation stem cell

Xenograft is a graft

  1. Between genetically identical individuals.

  2. Between individuals of different species.

  3. From one individual to another of same species.

  4. From one area to another of same individual.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • In Xenotransplantation, Xenos means foreign or strange.
  •  It is also called a Heterologous transplant.
  •  In xenotransplantation, the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another.
  •  Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants. Hence, Xenograft is a graft Between individuals of different species. 
So, the correct answer is 'Between individuals of different species'.

Multiple choice zoology sustainable agriculture microbes and farming biopesticide environmental protection

When a natural predator living being applied on the other pathogenic organisms to control them, this process is called as

  1. Biological control

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Confusion technique

  4. Artificial control
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biological control is a component of an integrated pest management strategy. Biological control is keeping the population of an organism or harmful pests and weeds under check by means of natural predators, parasites and amensals.