Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Which statement about the foreign genetic material in genetically modified (GM) crop plants or animals is false?

  1. It must be inserted again in each generation.

  2. It alters the phenotype of the GM plant or animal.

  3. It may be subject to natural selection by weather, pests and diseases.

  4. It may be transferred to related non-crop plants or animals.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Inserted genes usually come from a different species in a form of horizontal gene-transfer. Hence, the genetic material need not be inserted again in each generation.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

The method of producing proteins for food or feed through microbial biomass is called as:

  1. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

  2. SCP (Single Cell Protein)

  3. Nanotechnology

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Single-cell proteins refer to edible unicellular microorganisms. 
  • The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria may be used as an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods and is suitable for human consumption or as animal feeds. 
  • Hence, The method of producing proteins for food or feed-through microbial biomass is called as SCP (Single Cell Protein).
  • So, the correct answer is 'SCP (Single Cell Protein)'.
Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

The prerequisites for biotechnological production of antibiotics is

  1. To search an antibiotic producing microorganism.

  2. To isolate the antibiotic gene.

  3. To join antibiotic gene with E. coli plasmid.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Useful antibiotics are often discovered using a screening process. To conduct such a screen, isolates of many different microorganisms are cultered and then tested for production of products that inhibit the growth of test organisms.They are tested for their selective toxicities and therapeutic activities, and the best candidates are examined and modified. Once the process is complete, the antibiotic must be extracted and purified to a crystalline product. The copies of genes coding for enzymes involved in the antibiotic production can be inserted into a cell, via vectors such as plasmids.

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering stds and infertility gm crops biotechnology

Human proteins can be produced in milk or semen of farm animals

  1. True

  2. False, proteins cannot be produced in semen

  3. False, proteins cannot be produced in milk

  4. False, animals are not used for protein production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Milk proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids required by humans. Milk proteins are synthesized in the mammary gland, but 60% of the amino acids used to build the proteins are obtained from the cow's diet. So we can get protein from the cow's milk too.
So the correct option is 'true'.
Multiple choice

What is the last step for gene transfer?

  1. Digestion of gene and vector (by restriction endonuclease)

  2. Isolation of gene and vector (by PCR)

  3. Selection and expression of transgenic construct

  4. Ligation of gene and vector (by DNA ligase)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In gene transfer, the final step is the selection and expression of the transgenic construct to ensure the host organism has successfully incorporated and is expressing the desired gene.

Multiple choice

What is somatic cell nuclear transfer?

  1. transfer of a somatic cell from child to mother

  2. cloning using differentiated adolescent cells

  3. cloaning using differentiated adult cells

  4. transfer of a somatic cell from a mother to child
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a cloning technique that uses the nucleus from a differentiated adult somatic cell. The nucleus is transferred into an enucleated egg cell to create an embryo genetically identical to the adult cell donor. This is how Dolly the sheep was cloned.

Multiple choice

What is a GMO?

  1. Type of pesticide

  2. Laser used to inhibit growth

  3. Organism modified to express a certain trait
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to express a specific trait.

Multiple choice

What is NOT a way that genetically modified food can influence life on Earth?

  1. to create herbicide-resistant crops

  2. to make sugary food non-fattening

  3. to make foods more nurtritious

  4. to create drought-resistant crops
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic modification is used to change traits like pest resistance or nutritional content, but it cannot change the fundamental caloric or chemical nature of food to make it 'non-fattening'.