Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology sustainable agriculture microbes and farming biopesticide environmental protection

Trichoderma harzianum is useful for.

  1. Gene transfer in higher plants

  2. Biological control of soil borne pathogens/ biopesticide

  3. Bioremediation of contaminated soils

  4. Reclamation of waste land
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The fungus Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are very common in root ecosystems and are effective biocontrol agents of several plant pathogens.

Correct answer-B

Multiple choice zoology sustainable agriculture microbes and farming biopesticide environmental protection

Bt toxin genes have been expressed in plants in order to provide resistance against
(i) Lepidopterans and fungi
(ii) Animals and bacteria
(iii) Bacteria and fungi
(iv) Coleopterance and dipterans
(v) Lepidopterans

  1. (ii) and (iii)

  2. (i), (ii) and (iv)

  3. (iii) and (v)

  4. (iv) and (v).
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Soil bacterium Bacillus thruingiensis (Bt) produces proteins that kill certain insects like lepidopterans (tobacco dudworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes). Bacillus thuringinesis forms some intracellular protein crystals. These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein. The Bt toxin protein exists as an inactive toxin and is converted into an active form due to the alkaline pH of the alimentary canal that solubilities the crystals. The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells and creates pores which cause cell swelling and lysis and finally cause the death of the insect.

So, the correct answer is '(iv) and (v)'.

Multiple choice zoology sustainable agriculture microbes and farming biopesticide environmental protection

Trichoderma harzianum has proved to be a useful microorganism for:

  1. gene transfer in higher plants

  2. biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens

  3. bioremediation of contaminated soils

  4. reclamation of wastelands.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Teicoderma harzianum is a fungus that is also used as a fungicide. It is used for foliar application, and soil treatment for various disease causing fungal pathogens.
So, the correct option is 'biological control of soil-borne plant pathogen'

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity vaccine and immunization infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them

At present, animal cell culture technology is extensively used for the production of 

  1. Chylomicrons

  2. Antibiotics

  3. Vaccines

  4. Edible proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The animal cell lines are cultured in the laboratory on the artificial media which requires a specific temperature. Biological products produced by recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology in animal cell cultures include enzymes, synthetic hormones, immunobiological (monoclonal antibodies, interleukins, lymphokines), and anticancer agents.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice general knowledge impact of technology on livelihoods animal husbandry and fishery cattle farming agriculture sector

A genetically engineered form of brinjal known as the Bt-brinjal has been developed. The objective of this is___________.

  1. To make in pest-resistant

  2. To improve its taste and nutritive qualities

  3. To make it drought-resistant

  4. To make its shelf-life longer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bt-brinjal is a transgenic crop containing the Cry1Ac gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which provides resistance against the fruit and shoot borer pest.

Multiple choice

What is the primary purpose of PCR?

  1. To amplify a specific region of DNA

  2. To sequence DNA

  3. To detect genetic mutations

  4. To create genetically modified organisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

PCR is primarily used to amplify a specific region of DNA, allowing for its detection, analysis, and further manipulation.

Multiple choice

What is the term for the process of using gene therapy to correct genetic defects in cells?

  1. Gene therapy

  2. Cell therapy

  3. Tissue engineering

  4. Organ transplantation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Gene therapy is the process of using gene therapy to correct genetic defects in cells.

Multiple choice

Which technique is used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells?

  1. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation

  2. Electroporation

  3. Microinjection

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, electroporation, and microinjection are all techniques used to introduce foreign genes into plant cells.

Multiple choice

What is the role of the Ti plasmid in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation?

  1. It carries the genes necessary for DNA transfer

  2. It integrates into the plant genome

  3. It produces opines

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Ti plasmid carries the genes necessary for DNA transfer, integrates into the plant genome, and produces opines.

Multiple choice

What is the purpose of a selectable marker gene in plant transformation?

  1. To confer resistance to antibiotics

  2. To allow for the identification of transformed cells

  3. To enhance the expression of the foreign gene

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Selectable marker genes confer resistance to antibiotics, allow for the identification of transformed cells, and enhance the expression of the foreign gene.

Multiple choice

What is the process of transferring genes from one organism to another called?

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Recombinant DNA technology

  3. Gene therapy

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and gene therapy are all processes that involve the transfer of genes from one organism to another.

Multiple choice

What is the process of transferring a gene from one organism to another called?

  1. Gene transfer

  2. Genetic engineering

  3. Recombinant DNA technology

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gene transfer, genetic engineering, and recombinant DNA technology are all processes that involve the transfer of a gene from one organism to another.

Multiple choice

Which biotechnology technique is used to insert a gene into a host organism?

  1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

  2. Gene Cloning

  3. Genetic Engineering

  4. DNA Sequencing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering involves the deliberate modification of an organism's genetic material to achieve a desired trait or characteristic.

Multiple choice

What is the primary goal of pharmacogenomics?

  1. Developing personalized drug therapies

  2. Studying the effects of drugs on gene expression

  3. Identifying genetic markers for diseases

  4. Creating genetically modified organisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pharmacogenomics aims to develop personalized drug therapies by tailoring treatments to an individual's genetic makeup, ensuring optimal efficacy and minimizing adverse effects.

Multiple choice

Which biotechnology technique is used to amplify a specific region of DNA?

  1. Gel Electrophoresis

  2. DNA Microarray

  3. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

  4. DNA Sequencing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA by repeatedly copying it using a DNA polymerase enzyme.