Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Give example of a GM crop that can tolerate abiotic stress. 

  1. Transgenic tomato

  2. Bt-Brinjal

  3. Golden rice

  4. Pomato
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic tomato has been genetically engineered to have resistance to abiotic stress.

By Brinjal has pest resistance.
Golden rice is genetically engineered to have higher nutritional value.
Pomato is grafted from shoot of tomato plants and root of potato plant to obtain two products from the same plant.
So the correct answer is ' Transgenic tomato'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Which of the following is a mismatch regarding the transgenic plant and its application?

  1. Golden rice $\Rightarrow$ Vitamin A enriched rice
  2. Flavr savr tomato $\Rightarrow$ Delay ripening
  3. Tobacco $\Rightarrow$ Herbicide resistant
  4. Bt corn $\Rightarrow$ Resistant to nematode
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In Tobacco because of  biotechnology, transgenic plants produced which have low nicotine in their leaves. 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants receive genes from which of the following organisms?

  1. Insects

  2. Bacteria

  3. Virus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are several methods for introducing genes into plants, including:

  •     Infecting plant cells with plasmids as vectors carrying the desired gene.
  •     Shooting microscopic pellets containing the gene directly into the cell.
In contrast to animals, there is no real distinction between somatic cells and germline cells. Somatic tissues of plants, e.g., root cells grown in culture
  •     can be transformed in the laboratory with the desired gene;
  •     grown into mature plants with flowers.
If all goes well, the transgene will be incorporated into the pollen and eggs and passed on to the next generation.
In this respect, it is easier to produce transgenic plants than transgenic animals.
 Progress is being made on several fronts to introduce new traits into plants using recombinant DNA technology.
The genetic manipulation of plants has been going on since the dawn of agriculture, but until recently this has required the slow and tedious process of cross-breeding varieties. Genetic engineering promises to speed the process and broaden the scope of what can be done.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plants of tomato having resistance to hornworm larvae are those which have

  1. Foreign resistant gene

  2. Mutated resistant gene

  3. Synthetic resistant gene

  4. Superimposed resistant gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic tomato plants expressing a truncated insect control protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis were  protected from attack by tobacco hornworm, tobacco budworm and tomato fruit worm larvae. Filed tests involving transgenic tomato lines challenged with tobacco hornworm, tomato fruit worm and tomato pin worm were conducted for two years. These transgenic plants suffered only minor feeding damage from tobacco hornworm, while the untransformed controls were completely defoliated. The foreign gene present had made this possible.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

A tumour inducing plasmid widely used in the production of transgenic plant is that of

  1. Escherichia coli

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Staphylococcus aureus

  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A tumor (crown gall) inducing plasmid widely used in the production of transgenic plants is Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Bacillus thuringiensis is used for the production of disease-resistant plants. Other 2 are disease-causing bacteria.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Transgenic plant of tobacco was mainly used to produce

  1. Antibody

  2. Enhance the tolerance to water stress

  3. Enhance flowering

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The tobacco plant was genetically modified by introducing a gene to produce antibodies. The plant was introduced with the gene for producing antibodies against the rabies virus which are similar to the antibodies produced in the humans. The antibodies from the plant can be purified and used as injections or vaccines. These vaccines help in providing immunity against the rabies virus. 

The tobacco plants can also be modified to survive under the conditions of stress. The plants can bear extreme conditions like water stress, salinity and heat stress. 
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Salt tolerant transgenic has been developed for

  1. Brinjal

  2. Grape

  3. Potato

  4. Tomato
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A genetically engineered tomato plant that thrives in salty irrigation water and may hold the key to one of agriculture's greatest dilemmas has been developed by plant biologists at the University of California, Davis, and the University of Toronto.
As the first truly salt-tolerant crop, these tomatoes offer hope that other crops can also be genetically modified for planting in many areas of the world that have salty irrigation water and salt-damaged soils.
Since environmental stress due to salinity is one of the most serious factors limiting the productivity of crops, this innovation will have significant implications for agriculture worldwide.
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

Which among the following is a tumour inducing plasmid widely used in the production of transgenic plants?

  1. Escherichia coli

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Staphylococcus aureus

  4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Plant transformation mediated by the soil-plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens has become the most used method for plant transformation. A. tumefaciens naturally infects the wound sites in dicotyledonous plant causing the formation of the crown gall tumours. A. tumefaciensis is capable of transferring a particular DNA segment (T-DNA) of the tumour-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the nucleus of infected cells where it is subsequently integrated into the host genome and transcribed, causing the crown gall disease.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biotechnology in agriculture gm crops transgenic organisms

An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice _________________.

  1. Gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A

  2. Is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy

  3. Gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma

  4. Does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This question is similar to 487034. Golden Rice is the famous transgenic rice variety associated with Vitamin A, though the term 'basmati' is often used loosely in textbooks to refer to improved rice varieties.