Tag: biotechnology in agriculture

Questions Related to biotechnology in agriculture

Micro-injection is a method used to

botany genetic technology dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Produce sticky ends of DNA

  2. Provide protection against pathogen

  3. Purify the DNA

  4. Inject recombinant DNA into the nucleus of an animal cell

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Micro-injection is a method used to Inject a recombinant DNA into the nucleus of an animal cell. This is the only way to introduce alien DNA into host cells. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

If a person obtains transformants by inserting a recombinant DNA within the coding sequence of enzyme -galactosidase, he will separate out recombinants from non-recombinants by which of the following observations?

botany biotechnology: principles and processes dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Non-recombinant colonies do not produce any colour whereas recombinants give blue coloured colonies

  2. Recombinant colonies do not produce any colour whereas non-recombinants give blue coloured colonies

  3. Recombinants and non-recombinants both produce blue coloured colonies

  4. No colonies are formed due to insertional inactivation

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from the non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, ( -galactosidase. This results into inactivation of the enzyme, which is referred i to as insertional inactivation. The presence of a chromogenic j substrate gives blue coloured colonies if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert. Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of the -galactosidase and the colonies do not produce any colour, these are identified as recombinant colonies.

In the process of insertional inactivation ________________.

botany biotechnology: principles and processes dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure biotechnology in agriculture

  1. A recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of enzyme -galactosidase, resulting in inactivation of the enzyme

  2. A recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of proteins involved in the replication of the plasmid

  3. A recombinant DNA is inserted within the recognition site for EcoRI

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Alternative selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from the non-recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme, ( -galactosidase. This results into inactivation of the enzyme, which is referred i to as insertional inactivation. The presence of a chromogenic j substrate gives blue coloured colonies if the plasmid in the bacteria does not have an insert. Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of the -galactosidase and the colonies do not produce any colour, these are identified as recombinant colonies.

Statement 1 : In insertional inactivation, blue colour produced by bacterial colonies indicates that the plasmid does not have an insert into the bacterial genome. 
Statement 2: Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of -galactosidase enzyme and the colonies do not produce any colour.

botany biotechnology: principles and processes dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct

  2. Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect

  3. Statement 1 is incorrect but statement 2 is correct

  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Selectable markers have been developed which differentiate recombinants from non- recombinants on the basis of their ability to produce colour in the presence of a chromogenic substrate. In this, a recombinant DNA is inserted within the coding sequence of an enzyme B-galactosidase. This results into an  insertional inactivation. The presence of chromogenic substrate gives blue coloured colonies if the plasmid in bacteria does not have an insert. Presence of insert results into insertional inactivation of a^-galactosidase enzyme and the colonies do not produce any colour, these are identified as recombinant colonies. 

So, the correct option is 'Option A' .

Direct visual selection method for the selection of recombinant host cells on the basis of their inability to produce colour in the presence of chromogenic substrate can be applied if the vector used is a

botany biotechnology: principles and processes dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Modified plasmid vector of E.coli

  2. Modified bacteriophage

  3. Modified Agrobacterium tumifaciens plasmid

  4. Disarmed retroviruse

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Correct Option: A

Changes in transcription after linking the cloned DNA of the putative promoter/enhancer region to cloned DNA of the coding region of an unrelated gene, can be measured rapidly with a high degree of sensitivity using.

botany genetic technology dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation gene cloning procedure biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Transgenic technology

  2. Reporter gene technology

  3. cDNA technology

  4. Gene transfer technology

Show answer
Correct Option: A

The term 'recombinant DNA' refers to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA of the host cell

  2. DNA with a piece of foreign DNA

  3. DNA with selectable marker

  4. DNA with more than one recognition sites

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'DNA with a piece of foreign DNA'.

The term 'chimeric DNA' refers to

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA with overhanging stretches

  2. DNA with palindromic sequence

  3. A recombinant DNA

  4. Molecular scissors

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'A recombinant DNA'.

Precipitates of purified DNA after the addition of chilled ethanol can be seen as a collection of fine threads in suspension. This process is referred as _____________.

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. DNA transformation

  2. DNA ligation

  3. DNA spooling

  4. DNA duplication

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

The purified DNA, after treatment with various enzymes, precipitates out after addition of chilled ethanol. This is viewed as a collection of fine threads in the suspension, and is easily collected. The process is known as DNA spooling.

You discovered a novel eukaryotic organism that glows in the dark. You believe this trait is due to a single gene, and you wish to clone the gene. which of the following strategies is most likely to be successful?

botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

  1. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into a plasmid

  2. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for for the ability to glow in the dark.

  3. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

  4. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and genetate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

As it is a eukaryotic gene, it is better to be incorporated in a eukaryotic cell. Digestion by restriction endonuclease is not possible as the gene is unidentified and is to be isolated and cloned. It is better and easier to identify the gene transcript, i.e., protein coding mRNA, reverse transcribe it to produce cDNA and then transferring this intron less cDNA into an eukaryotic cell like yeast through a plasmid vector.
So, the correct answer is 'Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark'.