Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

Genetic engineering is used in

  1. Gene therapy

  2. Vaccine production

  3. Obtaining transgenic plants

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Genetic engineering has applications in medicine, research, industry and agriculture and can be used on a wide range of plants, animals and microorganisms. In medicine, genetic engineering has been used to mass-produce insulin, human growth hormones, human albumin, monoclonal antibodies, anti haemophilic factors, vaccines, and many other drugs. In research, organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes. Industrial applications include transforming microorganisms such as bacteria or yeast or insect mammalian cells with a gene coding for a useful protein. Mass quantities of the protein can be produced by growing the transformed organism in bioreactors using fermentation, then purifying the protein. Genetic engineering is also used in agriculture to create genetically-modified crops or genetically-modified organisms
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
Multiple choice botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

Which one of the following is related with genetic engineering?

  1. Plasmids

  2. Mitochondria

  3. Mutations

  4. Ribosomes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle or carrier which carries the desired gene from donor to recipient cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. The plasmid is extrachromosomal circular DNA which acts as vector DNA. The plasmid is the most important vector as it possesses multiple cloning sites, an origin of replication and a selectable marker.

Multiple choice botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

Using recombinant DNA technology, genes from a donor cell can be inserted into a bacterium for DNA replication and protein synthesis. The kind of cells that can be used as gene donors in this technology are

  1. Bacteria only

  2. Either yeast or bacteria

  3. Eukaryotic cells only

  4. Any of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The production of a recombined bacterium using a gene from a foreign donor and the synthesis of a protein encoded by the recombinant DNA molecule. The genes used as a donor in recombinant DNA technology are commonly obtained from bacteria, yeast or any eukaryotic host organism. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

Multiple choice botany breeding and biotechnology branches of biotechnology gene cloning biotechnology and genetic engineering

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment (gene) of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector. Consider the following four agents in this regard and select the correct option about which one or more of these can be used as a vector/vectors?
(i) Bacterium
(ii) Plasmid
(iii) Plasmodium
(iv) Enzyme

  1. (ii) only

  2. (i) and (ii) only

  3. (i), (iii) and (iv)

  4. (iv) only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a transport to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and expressed. A vector containing foreign DNA is termed recombinant DNA. The four major types of vectors are plasmids, viral vectors, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes. Of these, the most commonly used vectors are plasmids.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs modern agriculture agricultural practices in india different types of farming and agriculture various agricultural practices

First genetically modified plant commercially released in India is 

  1. Golden rice

  2. Flavr Savr

  3. Bt brinjal

  4. Bt cotton.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bt cotton is the first genetically modified crop of India. This has been developed by MAHYCO (Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company) in collaboration with American company, Monsanto.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following is an application  of human genome project?

  1. Understanding of phylogenetic disorder

  2. Improvement in gene therapy

  3. Understanding of mutation concept

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Human Genome Project has applications in understanding genetic disorders, improving gene therapy, and studying mutations, making all the listed options valid.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Which of the following is not an aim of human genome project?

  1. To sequence the genome of selected model organism

  2. Eliminate all disease

  3. To sequence EST fragments of cDNA in both human and mice

  4. To develop computational tool for analysing sequence information
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human Genome Project was a 13-year-old project started by US department of energy and National Institute of Health for sequencing the Human Genome.

The main objectives of the HGP were to- 

  • Determine the sequence of 3.2 billion base pairs of Human Genome.
  • Identify all the genes of the genome and determine their functions.
  • To store this information and database.
  • This project may result in many ethical legal and social issue which needs to be addressed and solved.

 So, the correct option is 'Eliminate all disease'

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance genome projects human genome project human genome project and dna fingerprinting

Main aim of human genome project is to

  1. Introduce new genes into human beings.

  2. Identify and sequence all the genes present in human DNA.

  3. Develop better techniques to compare two human DNAs.

  4. Remove disease causing genes from human DNA.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human genome project was a 13- year long project involving a global, long-term research effort to identify the estimated 30,000 genes in human DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and to figure out the sequences of almost 3 billion nucleotides that make up human DNA. It was completed in 2003.

So, the correct option is 'Identify and sequence all the genes present in human DNA.'

Multiple choice botany know the plant world closely diversity in plants types of nutrition in plants different modes of nutrition in plants

Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples of such plants are

  1. Cotton and corn

  2. Rice and potato

  3. Tomato and soybean

  4. All of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bt toxin gene has been closed from the bacteria and expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides. Examples are Bt cotton, Bt corn, rice, tomato, potato and soybean, etc.

Multiple choice biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Breeding for disease resistance requires

  1. A good source of resistance

  2. Planned hybridisation

  3. Disease test

  4. All the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Breeding for disease resistance is a comprehensive process that requires identifying a source of resistance, planning the hybridization, and rigorously testing the progeny for resistance.

Multiple choice botany organisms and their environment energy flow in food chain food chain and energy flow energy flow in ecosystem

Main objective of production of herbicide resistant GM crops is to

  1. Encourage eco-friendly herbicides

  2. Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

  3. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labour

  4. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Weeds such as String decrease crop yields and quality by competing with crop plants for light, water and nutrients. Weeds are to be removed with the help of herbicide (weed killer). Herbicide tolerance has been developed in maize, cotton, soybean, tobacco, etc. The main aim is to reduce herbicide  accumulation in food products for health safety.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The transgenic animals are those which have 

  1. Foreign RNA in all its cells

  2. Foreign DNA in some of its cells

  3. Foreign DNA in all its cells

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Transgenic organism is one that has become transformed following the introduction of novel genes into its genome. It is most frequently achieved by integration of doned DNA sequences following their injection into the fertilised egg. This fertilised egg divides mitotically to form the whole organism so that all the cells of the organism will carry the transferred genes. The transferred genes are known as transgenes.
So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is not used to transfer the recombinant DNA into the host?

  1. Micro-injection method

  2. Gene gun method

  3. Bioreactors

  4. Disarmed pathogen vectors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. To produce large quantities of these products, bioreactors are used where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed. Bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts.
So, the correct answer is 'Bioreactors'.