Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Identify the correct application of biotechnology in food processing.

  1. Conversion of perishable raw material into the nonperishable food product

  2. Conversion of nonperishable raw material into food product

  3. Conversion of decayed food into useful food products

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option A i.e. "Conversion of perishable raw material into the nonperishable food product"
Biotechnology in the food processing sector makes use of micro-organisms for the preservation of food. Food processing is a process by which perishable raw materials are converted to edible and  non-perishable foods and beverages, which have a longer shelf life.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Current cloning technology is limited because

  1. It inhibits the growth of native animals.

  2. It spreads the disease to the other animals.

  3. All cloned may suffer from developmental abnormalities.

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cloning technology, particularly somatic cell nuclear transfer, often results in high rates of developmental failures, birth defects, and premature aging in clones. These issues remain a significant barrier to widespread application.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following correctly defines a transgenic animal

  1. An animal which has foreign DNA and RNA in some of its cells because of an injection of DNA and RNA into the nucleus of the zygote from which it is developed

  2. An animal which has foreign DNA in all its cells because of an injection of DNA into the nucleus of the zygote from which it is developed

  3. An animal which has foreign DNA in some of its cells because of an injection of DNA into the nuclei of some of the cells of the blastocyst

  4. An animal which has foreign DNA in.all its cells because of an injection of DNA into the nuclei of some of the cells in adulthood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A transgenic animal is defined by the stable integration of foreign DNA into its genome, which is typically achieved by injecting the DNA into the zygote, ensuring the gene is present in all cells of the resulting organism.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which transgenic animal have been given human genes for organ transplantation into human without risk of rejection

  1. Cow

  2. Sheep

  3. Goat

  4. Pig
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pigs are frequently used in research for xenotransplantation because their organ size and physiology are relatively similar to humans, and they can be genetically modified to reduce immune rejection.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

What is true among the following w.r.t transgenic cows? 

  1. The milk had a protein called human $\alpha - lactalbumin $

  2. The 1st transgenic cow was called Rosie

  3. Both A and B are correct

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The first transgenic cow was Rosie and was produced in 1997. It carried the gene for human alpha-lactalbumin.

So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B are correct'.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is needed for gene transformation and its screening in animals?

  1. Foreign DNA

  2. Plasmid

  3. Selectable marker

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Successful gene transformation requires the foreign DNA itself, a vector (like a plasmid) to carry it, and a selectable marker to identify which cells have successfully taken up the DNA.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following principle is associated with the ethics of animal use in genetic engineering?

  1. Reduction of animal use

  2. Refinement of husbandry

  3. Replacement of animal with non-animal alternatives

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The '3Rs' principle (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) is the standard ethical framework for the use of animals in scientific research.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is more sufferer?

  1. Native animals

  2. Transgenic animals

  3. Both A and B

  4. Hybrid animal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both native animals and transgenic animals suffer in different ways - native animals from ecological disruption and competition, and transgenic animals from the genetic manipulation procedures and health effects. The question asks which suffers more, and the answer implies both experience significant suffering.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

.......... was produced by the slaughtering of the pig but now it is stopped due to genetic engineering.

  1. Meat

  2. Insulin

  3. Both A and B

  4. Fats
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Animal insulin is derived from cows and pigs. Until the 1980s, animal insulin was the only treatment for insulin dependent diabetes. These days the use of animal insulin has largely been replaced by human insulin and human analogue insulin, however, animal insulin is still available on prescription.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following describes the relation between genetic engineering and the health of environment

  1. Bioremediation

  2. Biomagnification

  3. Eutrophication

  4. Bioaccumulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Bioremediation is the use of living micro organisms to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms. It uses naturally occurring bacteria and fungi or plants to degrade or detoxify substances hazardous to human health and the environment.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following ethic should be employed when conducting genetic engineering?

  1. Environmental ethic

  2. Organizational ethic

  3. Animal ethic

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Ethics means a branch of philosophy that deals with human conduct and how right or wrong an action or the motives behind an action may be. 
Environmental ethics and animal ethics should be strictly followed before when genetic engineering is been conducted as any technology should not harm the environment as well as animal life.