Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology our environment - our concern biomagnification the effects of human activities on ecosystems bioaccumulation and biomagnification

Biomagnification refers to?

  1. Breeding of crops that are rich in minerals and vitamins, good proteins and healthier fats for human health

  2. Increase in concentration of the toxicant at successive trophic levels

  3. Exploiting at molecular, Genetic and species level diversity for the products of economic importance

  4. Decomposition of organic waste in water by the action of microbes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biomagnification is the process where the concentration of a toxic substance increases as it moves up the food chain. This occurs because the toxin is not easily degraded or excreted.

Multiple choice botany plant breeding method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Desired improved variety of economically useful crops are raised by

  1. Natural selection

  2. Hybridization

  3. Mutation

  4. Biofertilizer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Classical plant breeding includes hybridization (crossing) of pure lines, artificial selection to produce plants with desirable characters of higher yield, nutrition and resistance to diseases.  
The conventional method of breeding for disease resistance is hybridization and selection. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Use of certain chemicals and radiation to change the base sequence of genes of crop plants is termed

  1. recombinant DNA technology

  2. transgenic mechanism

  3. mutation breeding

  4. gene therapy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

  • Mutation breeding is the process of exposing seeds to certain chemicals and radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to bred with other cultivators. This will change the base sequence of genes of crop plants. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.
  • Recombinant DNA technology is the process of joining DNA molecules together from 2 different species that are inserted into a host organism to produce new genetic recombinations.
  • Transgenic mechanism is the mechanism of random integration of foreign DNA in transgenic animals.
  • Gene therapy is a therapeutic process of delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cell as a drug to treat a disease.
So, the correct option is 'Option C' .

Multiple choice biology breeding and biotechnology method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production biotechnology

Breeding for disease resistance requires

  1. A good source of resistance

  2. Planned hybridisation

  3. Disease test

  4. All the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Breeding for disease resistance is a comprehensive process that requires identifying a source of resistance, planning the hybridization, and rigorously testing the progeny for resistance.

Multiple choice botany organisms and their environment energy flow in food chain food chain and energy flow energy flow in ecosystem

Main objective of production of herbicide resistant GM crops is to

  1. Encourage eco-friendly herbicides

  2. Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

  3. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of manual labour

  4. Eliminate weeds from the field without the use of herbicides.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Weeds such as String decrease crop yields and quality by competing with crop plants for light, water and nutrients. Weeds are to be removed with the help of herbicide (weed killer). Herbicide tolerance has been developed in maize, cotton, soybean, tobacco, etc. The main aim is to reduce herbicide  accumulation in food products for health safety.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The transgenic animals are those which have 

  1. Foreign RNA in all its cells

  2. Foreign DNA in some of its cells

  3. Foreign DNA in all its cells

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Transgenic organism is one that has become transformed following the introduction of novel genes into its genome. It is most frequently achieved by integration of doned DNA sequences following their injection into the fertilised egg. This fertilised egg divides mitotically to form the whole organism so that all the cells of the organism will carry the transferred genes. The transferred genes are known as transgenes.
So, the correct answer is 'Foreign DNA in all its cells'.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is not used to transfer the recombinant DNA into the host?

  1. Micro-injection method

  2. Gene gun method

  3. Bioreactors

  4. Disarmed pathogen vectors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Bioreactors are considered as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products by microbes, plant and animal cells or their enzymes. To produce large quantities of these products, bioreactors are used where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed. Bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for obtaining the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions such as temperature, pH, substrate, vitamins, oxygen and salts.
So, the correct answer is 'Bioreactors'.
Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Which of the following is not a benefit of transgenic animals?

  1. Investigation of new treatments for diseases

  2. Early detection of diseases

  3. Testing the safety of vaccines

  4. To produce useful biological products
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Early diagnosis of disease cannot be done by transgenic animals but through techniques such as PCR and ELISA.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Select the incorrect matched pair.

  1. Monoclonal antibodies - Hybridomas

  2. PCR - Phenylketonuria

  3. Bioweapons - Bacillus anthracis

  4. Tracy - First transgenic animal for food production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Tracy is a transgenic sheep, but the term 'first transgenic animal for food production' is not the standard descriptor for her; she was designed for pharmaceutical protein production (molecular farming). However, in the context of typical exam distractors, this is the intended incorrect pair compared to the others which are standard textbook associations.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

Given below are certain features of mice. Read them and select why mice is most preferred animal for studies on gene transfer.


(i) Short estrous cycle and gestation period
(ii) Relatively short generation time
(iii) Convenient in vitro fertilisation
(iv) Production of several offspring per pregnancy 

  1. (i) and (ii) only

  2. (i) only

  3. (i), (ii) and (iv) only

  4. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Mouse is the most preferred animal for studies on gene transfer due to many favourable features like short oestrous cycle and gestation period, relatively short generation time, production of several offspring per pregnancy, convenient in vitro fertilisation, successful culture of embryo in vitro, etc.

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The injecting of foreign gene in an animal gives rise to 

  1. Transgenic animal

  2. Transgenic organism

  3. Transgenic plant

  4. Transcribed animal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic animals are animals that have had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into their genome. Such, animals are most commonly created by micro-injection of DNA into the pronuclei of a fertilized egg which is implanted into the oviduct of a pseudopregnant surrogate mother. This results in the recipient giving birth to genetically modified offspring. 

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications transgenic animals transgenic organisms applications of biotechnology

The gene transfer in eukaryotic cells is also known as 

  1. Transformation

  2. Transfection

  3. Transduction

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Transformation is typically used for bacteria, while transfection refers to the introduction of foreign nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells. Transduction specifically refers to virus-mediated gene transfer.