Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology genetics of the future gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

The method of correcting the defective genes is called

  1. genetic engineering

  2. gene therapy

  3. somatic hybridization

  4. protoplast fusion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The use of bioengineered cells and biological techniques to treat human genetic disorder is known as gene therapy. Gene therapy is the transfer of a normal gene into body cells to correct the genetic defect. It can be used to treat genetic diseases like sickle cell anaemia and SCID.
The SCID patients have no functioning t lymphocytes and one treated with injections of the white blood cells that have been engineered to carry the normal ADA alleles.
So, the correct option is 'gene therapy'
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

A correction or alleviation of a genetic disorder by the introduction of a normal gene copy into an affected individual is called as

  1. Gene probe

  2. Gene multiplication

  3. Gene therapy

  4. Gene cloning
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gene cloning is the process of making the copies of gene of interest by locating it in DNA followed by extraction of DNA containing that gene. A probe is a radiolabeled single-stranded DNA/ RNA fragment used to search for a gene of interest or other DNA sequence. For the purpose, the base sequence of probe is complementary to the target sequence to facilitate its base pairing with target gene. Gene multiplication is a mechanism that increase the genes in their number of copies. It is also called as gene amplification and is the source of evolution. Gene therapy is the process of introduction of DNA into living human beings in order to treat disease. It is used to replace a missing gene product or to correct mutant alleles. Correct answer is C.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

"Introduction of a normal functional gene into cells, in order to replace defective or mutated gene'." is known as 

  1. Biosafety

  2. Biopiracy

  3. Biopatent

  4. Gene therapy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Introduction of a normal functional gene into cells, in order to replace defective or mutated gene is known as gene therapy. It is also called as gene transfer. It is done to correct genetic disorders. Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity. Biopiracy is the practice of exploiting indigenous knowledge of nature, originating with indigenous peoples without compensation to the indigenous people. Biopatent is a patent granted by the government to the inventor of biological entities.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Gene therapy.'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

a functional ADAcDNA can be introduced into cells of the patients receiving gene therapy by using vector constituted by

  1. E.coil

  2. Reoviridae

  3. Retrovirus

  4. Agrobacterium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme adenosine deaminase is associated with severe B and T-cell dysfunction. In order to investigate the ADA molecule, gene therapy using E.coli, cDNA clones encoding ADA gene sequences are obtained.
So the correct option is 'E.coli'.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology gene therapy application of biology in therapy and vaccine gene cloning

Cystic fibrosis can be treated by .......... gene therapy.

  1. TGP-B

  2. TPA

  3. DNase

  4. BGH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

DNase (Deoxyribonuclease) is used in cystic fibrosis treatment to break down the thick mucus in the lungs, which is rich in DNA from dead white blood cells. While gene therapy is a research area for cystic fibrosis, DNase is the standard pharmacological treatment listed.

Multiple choice evs improvement in food resources crop yield improvement food supply crop improvement methods and organisations

Genetically improved crop varieties can be developed by

  1. Somatic hybridisation

  2. Transgenic technology

  3. Somaclonal variations

  4. Both A and B.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically improved crops are developed through various biotechnological methods. Both somatic hybridization (fusing somatic cells) and transgenic technology (inserting foreign DNA) are established techniques for crop improvement.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Genetically engineered human insulin is called as

  1. Humulin

  2. Haematin

  3. Hybridoma

  4. Hybrid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Humulin is the genetically engineered insulin produced by inserting human insulin gene into a host cell (E. coli) which was then allowed to grow and reproduce normally. The inserted human DNA lead them to produce a synthetic version of human insulin. Hybrid is a offspring of two genetically dissimilar animals or plants which carries genetic material from both parents and express new specific genetic characteristics. The dark bluish or brownish pigment obtained by the oxidation of haeme that has contain iron in the ferric state is known as haematin. Hybridomas are the hybrids produced by introducing specific antigen into a mouse to collect antibody-producing cells. These cells are then fused with myeloma cell to produce hybridomas which multiply indefinitely and thus provide infinite source of a specific antibody. 

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Scientists have been able to splice the eukaryotic gene for the production of human insulin into the genome of bacterial cells and induce those bacteria to express the gene and produce insulin. This suggests which of the following?

  1. Prokaryotic cells many have evolved from eukaryotic cells.

  2. DNA is a universal molecular carrier of genetic information for all life on the planet.

  3. Bacteria cells naturally produce and use insulin.

  4. Humans have a symbiotic relationship with certain species of bacteria living in their intestines that produce insulin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

All prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic organisms are made of double stranded DNA, that has the same type of nitrogen bases. The difference lies in the number and the arrangement of nitrogen bases 

So, the correct answer is 'DNA is a universal molecular carrier of genetic information for all life on the planet.'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Human insulin can be mass produced using genetically modified bacteria. The human insulin gene is added to a bacteria strain, and the bacteria will produce the human protein. This process demonstrates that

  1. Bacteria have mechanisms for identifying and translating foreign DNA.

  2. DNA is functionally identical in all organisms.

  3. Humans and bacteria are closely related.

  4. Humans are prokaryotic.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Human insulin can be mass produced using genetically modified bacteria, human insulin gene is added to the bacterial plasmid, which replicates and produces the protein. DNA in all organisms is chemically same but functionally different.
So, the correct answer is 'Bacteria have mechanisms for identifying and translating foreign DNA'
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Human insulin is being commercially produced from transgenic species of _____________.

  1. E. coli

  2. Brassica napus

  3. Bacillus thuringiensis

  4. Agrobacterium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced from genetically engineered E.coli. By using genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology, insulin-producing genes from human beings have been transferred into E.coli. bacteria, which produced insulin called 'humulin' for clinical use. This type of insulin was produced commercially by an American pharmaceutical firm Eli Lily on 5th July, 1983.


So, the correct answer is 'E.coli'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically engineered insulin application of biology in therapy and vaccine application of biotechnology in medicine

Find out the wrong statement :

  1. Human protein used to treat emphysema is $\alpha$-1-antitrypsin.

  2. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

  3. Rosie, the first transgenic cow produced human protein enriched milk.

  4. Cry Ab endotoxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis is effective against corn borers.

  5. Genetically modified bacterium used as biopesticide is Bacillus thuringiensis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human insulin is produced using genetically modified E. coli, not Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium is primarily used for plant genetic engineering.