Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology biotechnology and its applications stem cell stem cells and applications stem cells organ donation and body donation blood and organ donation

The stem cells obtained by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming are known as

  1. Embryonic stem cells.

  2. Adult stem cells.

  3. Induced stem cells.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Many mechanisms are used to obtain the stem cells. The somatic cells or the reproductive cells can be induced to form the stem cells using genetic reprogramming method. Reprogramming can be performed using the factors or proteins which induce the normal body cells to be stimulated to form stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells are generally formed with the help of the induction mechanism. 

Thus, the correct answer is option C. 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Biotechnology is used in which fields?

  1. Agriculture

  2. Automobile

  3. Medicine

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use. For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine. 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Biotechnology is use of 

  1. Industries

  2. Organisms

  3. Plants

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to manufacture products intended to improve the quality of human life. The earliest biotechnologists were farmers who developed improved species of plants and animals by cross pollination or cross breeding. 

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

What are GMOs?

  1. Genetically modified organisms

  2. Gross modified organisms

  3. Genetically multiplied organisms

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Plants, animals or micro organisms that have changed through genetic engineering are termed genetically modified organisms or GMOs. Bacteria were the first organisms to be genetically modified. 
Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology is also called

  1. Biotechnology

  2. Modern biotechnology

  3. Genetic engineering

  4. Transgenic technology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The correct option is C

The rDNA technology is the formation of DNA molecules formed by the laboratory method of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating a sequence that would not otherwise be found in the genome.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Modern biotechnology is based on

  1. Protoplast fusion

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Recombinant proteins

  4. Genetic engineering
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Modern biotechnology is based on the the methods of genetic engineering.  It is a technique which involves the introduction of foreign DNA carrying the desired gene of interest into the host organism & thus change the phenotype of the host organism.

So, the correct option is 'Genetic engineering'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic engineering is

  1. Making artificial genes

  2. Hybridisation of DNA

  3. Making artificial limbs and diagnostic instruments

  4. Production of alcohol by using microorganisms
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering involves the manipulation of DNA, which includes the hybridization of DNA molecules from different sources.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic engineering is

  1. Study of extra nuclear gene

  2. Manipulation of genes by artificial method

  3. Manipulation of RNA

  4. Manipulation of enzymes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering aims to add new DNA to an organism to add one or more new favorable traits that are not found in that organism. Genes are the DNA segments that carry the genetic information for the production of particular proteins/ enzymes. These enzymes/proteins determine the traits of an organism, thus alteration in gene structure is the key to impart new traits to the organisms. The genetic information present in genes is copied to the RNA and finally into the proteins; further genes are inherited from generation to generation. Hence, manipulation of RNA, protein or extranuclear gene will be confined to that generation only. Hence, genetic engineering is the manipulation of genes.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Hirudin gene inserted in Brassica napus was

  1. Synthesised chemically

  2. Obtained from leech

  3. Got from Bacillus thuringiensis

  4. Brassica campestris
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Hirudin is a potent inhibitor of thrombin. Thus, it has a high therapeutic value in the treatment of thrombosis.
  • Hirudin gene inserted in Brassica napus was synthesized chemically in E. coli and yeast and was found to be a reasonable success. Extended work suggested the production of this protein in a plant system, particularly oil-producing crop.
So, the correct option is 'Synthesized chemically'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology: general introduction microbiology: organisms in industry biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

What is euphenics?

  1. Improvement of human race by better environment

  2. Improvement of human race by genetic engineering

  3. Treatment of communicable diseases

  4. Treatment of inheritable diseases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The therapeutic techniques used to treat deleterious phenotypic effects of a genetic defect especially without altering the genetic makeup of the germplasm of the individual is known as Euphenics. Therefore it is the improvement of phenotypic effect in humans after their birth by genetic engineering. Hence option B is correct.