Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

Genetic and acquired diseases can be cured by cloning.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human cloning has been used to create stem cells which can cure many genetic and acquired diseases. If a person is suffering from kidney disease and requires a new kidney, he can be provided by kidney developed from his own stem cells using cloning technique. This technique is used to create healthy stem cells from a diabetic patient which will produce insulin after successful transplantation into the body. However, cloning technique would be help in curing acquired diseases. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'False.'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

A gene carried by recombinant DNA is cloned when

  1. It's host bacterium divides by binary fission

  2. It is transcribed

  3. It is fragmented by restriction enzymes

  4. It is hybridized
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vector DNA, with foreign gene is called recombinant DNA. rDNA undergo multiplication by binary fission of host cells or gene cloning process.

So, the correct option is ‘it’s host bacterium divides by binary fisison’.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

With the help of DNA ligase donor DNA fragment is joined. It is called

  1. Molecular cloning

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Protoplasmic fusion

  4. Splicing
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Molecular cloning involves using enzymes like DNA ligase to join a donor DNA fragment into a vector (like a plasmid), creating recombinant DNA.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

Cloning of animals has been possible due to advances in

  1. nuclear technology

  2. computer technology

  3. biotechnology

  4. autoradiography
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cloning in biotechnology refers to the process of creating clones i.e. exact copies of an organism. Biotechnology is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products. Due to the advancement of biotechnological processes like DNA cloning, amplification, isolation, recombination etc. It has been possible to create clones of animals. 

So, the correct option is 'biotechnology.'

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

'Cloning' is meant 

  1. For production of HGH gene is E. coli

  2. To preserve the genotype of organism

  3. To replace the original gene

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The clone is a population of cells or individuals which are genetically similar to the donor cell or individual. It can be performed by using the complete organisms or the cells from the single parent through the method of asexual reproduction. Its main purpose is to preserve the genotype of an organism. The cloning is of two types namely: 
i. Gene cloning at the molecular level and
ii. Cloning of the organisms.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?

  1. Retrovirus

  2. Baculovirus
  3. $Salmonella$ $typhimurium$
  4. $Rhizopus$ $nigricans$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Retroviruses, though have single-stranded RNA genomes but provide perhaps the most promising vector system of all. During the process of reverse transcription, sequences from the termini of viral RNA are duplicated to generate long terminal repeats(LTRs). These long terminal repeats contain both the promoter and the polyadenylation signal for the transcription of viral mRNAs. The specificity of proviral DNA integration is also determined by the long terminal repeats. Although retroviruses can integrate at many sites within the cellular genome, integrative recombination always occurs at particular sites at the ends of the LTRs. The sequences appropriately inserted between the two LTRs will be integrated intact which contrasts sharply with the integration of papovavirus or adenovirus DNA, during which extensive rearrangements of the integrated viral sequences are commonplace. A further great advantage of retroviruses is that they are natural transducing viruses.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

Which is not a key step in the process of DNA molecular cloning?

  1. Heat shock at $42^oC$ for 90 seconds.

  2. Make DNA competent to take up plasmid with use of calcium chloride

  3. Seal plasmid carrying targeted genes into host cells genome using ligase.

  4. Introduce genes for cloning into a plasmid vector using restriction enzymes.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
A- The steps involved in the process of DNA molecular cloning are – selected DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid utilizing restriction enzymes and DNA ligase enzymes. The produced molecule of recombinant DNA is then introduced into a selected and grown up bacteria which reproduce by producing an exact copy of the plasmid and transferring it to their progeny.
So, the correct answer is 'Heat shock at 42oC42oC for 90 seconds'
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology cloning process of cloning gene cloning

Dolly is a product of

  1. Genetic engineering

  2. Animal cloning

  3. Cell fusion

  4. Gene therapy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dolly was a female domestic sheep, and the first mammal cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer ie, cloning me.method called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer or SCNT. A clone has the same DNA sequence as its parent and so they are genetically identical. In SCNT, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed and replaced with the nucleus of a donor adult cell. Since 99.9% of the cell’s DNA is contained in the nucleus, the resulting animal will share almost exactly the same DNA as the original donor cell. So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance the search for genetic material dna structure and replication molecular genetics

Gel electyrophoresis is used for

  1. Construction of recombinant DNA by joining with cloning vectors

  2. Isolation of DNA molecule

  3. Cutting of DNA into fragments

  4. Separation of DNA fragments according to their size
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size/molecular weight through an agarose or polyacrylamide gel matrix when an electric current is applied, allowing analysis of fragment lengths.

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance the search for genetic material dna structure and replication molecular genetics

DNA was proved to be genetic material through experiment of

  1. Transduction

  2. Replica experiment

  3. Viral infection of Tobacco

  4. Transformation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Frederick Griffith's experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that a 'transforming principle' could change non-virulent bacteria into virulent ones, which was later identified as DNA.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Consider the following effects of genetic engineering:
1. Disease resistance
2. Growth promotion
3. Cloning
4. Longevity
Of these effects, those that have been tried out with a certain amounts of success include

  1. 1, 2 and 4

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 1, 3 and 4

  4. 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering allows of plants or animals to be modified so their maturity can occur at a quicker pace. Engineering can allow this maturity to occur outside of the normal growth conditions that are favorable without genetic changes as well. Even if there is higher levels of heat or lower levels of light, it becomes possible to expand what can be grown in those conditions. Genetic modification can help to create resistance to common forms of organism death. Pest resistance can be included into the genetic profiles of plants so they can mature as a crop without any further additives. Animals can have their genetic profiles modified to reduce the risks of common health concerns that may affect the breed or species. This creates the potential for an extended lifespan for each organism. With genetic engineering, new products can be created by adding or combining different profiles together. This process is called cloning. This makes it possible for more people to get what they need nutritionally, even if their food access is limited, and this could potentially reduce global food insecurity.

So the correct option is '1, 2 and 3'.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Introduction of foreign genes for improving genotype is

  1. Biotechnology

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Vernalisation

  4. Genetic manipulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. The goal is to add one or more new traits that are not already found in that organism. Gene manipulation is also sometimes called the genetic engineering. It is a general term for any method which manipulate with the genetic material. Gene manipulation includes gene splicing, use of recombinant DNA, forming of the monoclonal antibodies or PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Biotechnology is a (an) 

  1. Science to culture bacteria

  2. Application of biological organisms to study genetics

  3. Application of biological organisms and systems to manufacture industrial products useful to mankind

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biotechnology is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new technologies. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

In biolistic method of gene transfer, the microparticles coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. These microparticles are made up of

  1. Silver or Tungsten

  2. Arsenic or Silver

  3. Gold or Tungsten

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biolistic method or gene gun method is a direct or vectorless method of introducing DNA into cells that involves bombardment of cells with high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA. In biolistic method, tungsten or gold particles, coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target at a very high velocity.
So, the correct answer is 'Gold or tungsten'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which of the following techniques can be used to introduce foreign DNA into the cell?

  1. Using disarmed pathogen

  2. Microinjection

  3. Gene gun

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vectors, gene gun ( biolistic ) and microinjection are all viable techniques to insert foreign DNA into the host cell. So, the correct option is All of these.