Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Which of the following is not a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

  1. Golden rice

  2. Rosie

  3. Dogie

  4. Dolly
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A genetically modified organism is any organism whose genetic engineering techniques. GMOs are used to produce many medications and genetically modified foods and are widely used in scientific research and the production of other goods. For example, Golden rice, Rosie, and Dolly.
So the correct answer is 'Dogie'.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

What are some advantages biotechnology has brought to mankind?
1. Better yield of crops
2. Decrease usage of pesticides
3. Pest resistant crops
4. Producing crops with better nutritional value

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. 1 and 3 only

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is an applied branch, which involves the use of bioanalytical techniques. This branch is mainly associated with the genetic engineering, which helps in the modification of organisms.

Therefore the right answer is option "D, 1,2,3 and 4".

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Extensively used tool in genetic engineering of crop plants is _________________.

  1. Agrobacterium mediation

  2. Protoplast fusion

  3. Transposons

  4. Microinjection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transposons are basically jumping genes. Protoplast fusion is a technique of creating hybrids, the mating of one species protoplast and other species protoplast. While microinjection is a method of injecting our interest of DNA directly into the host. We can achieve transformation by microinjection too but Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is most commonly used. Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a naturally occurring soil bacterium causing crown gall disease and has the ability to introduce new genetic material into the plant cell. 

Hence, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium-mediation'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Which of the following is true about the advantages of genetically modified crops?
(i) It increases the quality and quantity of food.
(ii) It helps overcome the world shortage of food and prevent famines
(iii) It produces disease-resistant crops.

  1. Only (i) and (ii)

  2. Only (i) and (iii)

  3. Only (ii) and (iii)

  4. (i), (ii) and (iii)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops are the crop which consists modified DNA sequences. The modifies sequence expresses itself and increases the quality and quantity of food and promotes the development of disease resistant varieties.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

A GM crop is

  1. Irradiated crop

  2. Transgenic crop

  3. Raised on green manure

  4. A green manure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The correct option is B.
GM (Genetically modified crops) are plants which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant. GM crop is a transgenic crop.
Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Introduction of genetically modified food is not desirable because

  1. It will affect economy of developing countries.

  2. The products are less tasty.

  3. They are costly.

  4. There is danger of entry of toxins and virus in food.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A significant concern regarding the introduction of genetically modified food is the potential for horizontal gene transfer or the unintended presence of allergens or toxins that could pose health risks to consumers.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

GMO technology is useful for ______________.

  1. Making crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses

  2. Helping to reduce post-harvest losses

  3. Enhancing nutritional value of food

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

GMO technology is versatile and is used for improving crop resilience to abiotic stresses (like drought or salinity), reducing post-harvest losses (like delayed ripening), and enhancing nutritional content (like Golden Rice).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Genetically engineered male sterile crop plants may be produced by inserting

  1. Bt toxin gene

  2. Barnase gene

  3. Lectin gene

  4. Chitinase gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Barnase gene, when expressed in the tapetum cells of plants, leads to the destruction of these cells, resulting in male sterility. This is a common technique used in hybrid seed production.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are-

  1. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Vibrio cholerae and a tailed bacteriophage

  3. Diplococcus sp.and Pseudomonas sp.

  4. Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis

    elegans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • E. coli is a perfect model for several reasons: E. coli is a single-celled organism that can be manipulated and killed with no ethical concerns. It has a rapid growth rate and is very easy to culture and grow. Finally, and most importantly, E. coli genetics are well-studied and can be manipulated easily.
  • The basis of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic engineering is that the T-DNA of A. tumefaciens is excised and integrates into the plant genome as part of the natural infection process by this bacterium. An Agrobacterium cell to act as the vehicle for a transforming plasmid. a Ti plasmid with functional Vir genes.

So, the correct answer is 'Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Which of the following bacteria is used as a vector for plant genetic engineering?

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Bacteriophages

  3. Thermus aquaticus

  4. Pyrococcus furiosus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since A. tumefaciens is a natural plant genetic engineer known to induce tumours in plants by transferring j and integrating its DNA into the host genome. Therefore, by slightly manipulating, i.e., removing the tumour causing genes and replacing them with desired genes, it can be easily used as a plant vector.

So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Transgene is a foreign gene artificially transferred into an organism

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene (called transgenesis) has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism.

So, the statement is 'True'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are developed by rDNA technology and genetic engineering. They are useful for

  1. Enhancing food nutritional value

  2. Reduction in the post-harvest losses

  3. Increasing the tolerance power of crops against the abiotic stresses

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are those organisms whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as recombinant DNA.
They have many applications like:
Genetically modified organisms can be used to produce genetically modified food which enhances the nutrient value of food. 
GMOs help to increase yields by protecting crops from pests, weeds thereby reducing the post-harvest losses.
Genetically modified crops is emerging as an effective measure to counteract the negative impact of abiotic stress.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Which of the following risks are associated with genetically modified foods?

  1. Toxicity in human beings

  2. Allergic reactions in human beings

  3. Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops are the plants whose DNA has been modified by using genetic engineering methods to introduce a new tait in the plants. But several studies indicate serious health risks associated with GMO's including infertility, immune problems, allergic reactions, changes in the system of GIT. The toxins introduced in plants cause allergic reactions in humans , even they move to the GIT of humans or the foetus in pregnant mothers. GMOs also fails the allergic tests because their proteins have some properties similar to allergens. They also reduces our immunity level. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .