Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Plasmid is boon to biotechnology (with reference to production of insulin).

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Plasmid is boon to biotechnology. By the used of plasmids of E. coli, it is possible to produce insulin polypeptide chains separately. This has enable the artificial production of mature human insulin commercially. In this, genome corresponding to the polypeptide chain A and B of insulin are synthesized in vitro. These are then introduced into plasmid of E.coli. Under selected medium, the polypeptides A and B are expressed highly. These are extracted and combined by creating disulphide bridge to form artificial human insulin.

Thus, the correct answer is 'True.'

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Genetically engineered insulin is considered better for human diabetic patients over that isolated from animals because __________________.

  1. Insulin expressed in bacterial cells are low molecular weight.

  2. Insulin from other animals are not pure

  3. Genetically engineered insulin will not elicit immune response in human body.

  4. Genetically engineered insulin is easily transported through blood stream.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Answer is option C i.e. "Genetically engineered insulin will not elicit immune response in human body"

Insulin from animal source causes patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions. Insulin produced using rDNA techniques is directly assembled into mature form and hence are more safe.
Genetically engineered insulin do not induce unwanted immunological responses and also do not elicit an immune response in the human body.

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Transgenic plants are developed by

  1. clone and genetically modified genes

  2. introduction of foreign genes

  3. genetic engineering

  4. purified genes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are organisms that have had their genetic material altered by the introduction of foreign genes from another species using genetic engineering techniques.

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel

  1. bio-fertilizers

  2. bio-metallurgical techniques

  3. bio-mineralization processes

  4. bio-insecticidal plants
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces proteins that are toxic to specific insect pests, which is why it is used to create bio-insecticidal crops.

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Which of the following is not a correct statement?

  1. "Bt" in "Bt-cotton" indicates that it is a genetically modified organism produced through biotechnology

  2. Somatic hybridization involves fusion of two complete plant cells carrying desired genes

  3. The anti-coagulant hirudin is being produced from transgenic Brassica napus seed

  4. "Flavr Savr" variety of tomato has enhanced the Production of ethylene which improves its taste
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,D Correct answer
Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of

  1. Mycobacterium

  2. Rhizobium

  3. Saccharomyces

  4. Escherichia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A transgenic microorganism is a microbe, usually a bacterium, into which genetic information has been introduced from the outside and which possesses the ability to pass that information on to subsequent generations. In this process by which, scientists introduce new genetic material into a microorganism is called as molecular or gene cloning. It involves the isolation of DNA from a source other than the microorganism itself. The human insulin is produced by genetically engineered Escherichia coli.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Some of the steps involved in the production of humilin are given below. Arrange them in the correct sequence and select the correct option.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coll in bioreactors 
(iii) Purification of humilin
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli 
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.

  1. (ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v), (vi)

  2. (i), (iii), (v), (vi), (ii), (iv)

  3. (i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)

  4. (iii), (v), (ii), (i), (vi), (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The given sentences can be arranged in a systemic order of i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii.

So, the correct option is '(i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)'.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Genetically modified bacteria are used in 

  1. Medicine

  2. Patrolling

  3. Cropping

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. The drug industry has made use of this discovery in its quest to produce medication for diabetes. 

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Transgenic plants are 

  1. Plants having no gene

  2. Plants in which gene are present in an opposite or transposition

  3. Plants in which genes have no function to perform

  4. Plants in which genes of another organism have been implanted
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics.They are identified as a class of genetically modified organisms. Transgenic plants can be created by inserting genes of other organisms. 

So, the correct answer is 'plants in which genes of another organisms have been implanted'

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Bioremediation is

  1. Genetically engineered organisms capable of producing pharmaceuticals

  2. Biological control

  3. Biopurification of environment

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bioremediation is the process of treating the contaminated water, soil and subsurface material by altering the environmental conditions in which the growth of microorganisms is stimulated.

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing

  1. Transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac diseases

  2. Transgenic cow, Rosie, which produces high fat milk for making ghee

  3. Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power

  4. Transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic mice are widely used as models to test the safety of vaccines, such as the polio vaccine, before they are administered to humans, reducing the need for using monkeys.