Tag: immunity

Questions Related to immunity

Kohler and Milstein developed biotechnology for production of

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Modern vaccines

  2. Immobilised enzymes

  3. Monoclonal antibodies

  4. Myelomas

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Monoclonal antibodies are monospecific antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. In 1975, Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein succeeded in making fusions of myeloma cell lines with B cells to produce hybridomas that made antibodies to known antigens. Monoclonal antibodies were first produced by applying the techniques of somatic cell genetics to antibody-producing cells. The cells that produce antibodies (B cells) are short-lived in culture. Thus, attempts to maintain B cells in culture and harvest antibody specificities failed for many years until Cesar Milstein and George Koehler succeeded in immortalising B cells via somatic cell hybridisation.

Hybridomas are used for

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Synthesis of antibiotics

  2. Killing cancer cells

  3. Synthesis of monoclonal (somaclonal) antibodies

  4. Production of somatic hybrids

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Hybridoma technology is a technology of forming hybrid cell lines (called hybridomas) by fusing an antibody-producing B cell with a myeloma (B cell cancer) cell that is selected for its ability to grow in tissue culture and for an absence of antibody chain synthesis. The antibodies produced by the hybridoma are all of a single specificity and are therefore monoclonal antibodies. So, the correct answer is option C.

The technique of production of monoclonal antibodies was developed by

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Watson and Crick

  2. Milstein and Kohler

  3. Bentham and Hooker

  4. Meischer

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Milstein and Kohler described the first technique developed for stable monoclonal antibody production.

Fluorescent dye bonded to monoclonal antibodies is used to locate particular.

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Cell proteins

  2. Cells

  3. Diseased parts

  4. Organs of defence

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Correct Option: A

Monoclonal antibodies(MAB) are produced from the hybrid cells of B-lymphocytes and myeloma cells. They are used?

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. In the preparation of vaccines

  2. As immunosuppressant's

  3. In the preparation of toxoids

  4. For the detection of DNA probes

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb or moAb) are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope. Monoclonal antibodies(MAB) are produced from the hybrid cells of B-lymphocytes and myeloma cells. They are used in the preparation of vaccines.

So, the correct option is 'in the preparation of vaccines'.

Abzyme is

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Antienzyme

  2. Antigens

  3. Enzyme-like antibody

  4. Both A and B

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

A single molecule of an Antibody-enzyme or abzyme is capable of catalyzing the destruction of thousands of target molecules.

Antibodies produced by a group of identical B-cells against a single epitope of an antigen is called

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. Polyclonal antibodies

  2. Monoclonal antibodies

  3. Antihapten antibodies

  4. Somaclonal antibodies

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell. 
  • Monoclonal antibodies can have monovalent affinity, in that they bind to the same epitope (the part of an antigen that is recognized by the antibody). 
  • In contrast, polyclonal antibodies bind to multiple epitopes and are usually made by several different plasma cells lineages. Hence, Antibodies produced by a group of identical B-cells against a single epitope of an antigen is called Monoclonal antibodies.
So, the correct answer is 'Monoclonal antibodies'. 

monochlonal antisera are distinguished from polychlonal antisera in which of the following ways?

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. each type of body is monochlonal antiserum reacts against a single region of single antigen;each type of antibody reacts antiserum reacts against multiple regions of antigens.

  2. a monoclonal antibody reacts against multiple regions of a single antigen;a polyclonal antibody reacts against a single region of related antigen

  3. a monoclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendants of a single B lymphocyte, a polyclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendants of different B lymphocytes

  4. a monoclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendants of a single B lymphocyte, a polyclonal antiserum contains antibodies secreted from the descendated of both B and T lymphocytes

  5. a monoclonal antiserum is produced by the descendants of a single B lymphocyte;a polyclonal antiserum is produced by single T lymphocyte

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Monoclonal antibodies are made using identical immune cells that are all clones of a specific parent cell. As such, they will have an affinity for the same antigen and epitope (i.e. are monovalent).

Polyclonal antibodies are made using several different immune cells. They will have an affinity for the same antigen but different epitopes.

Here's the same info in image form:




Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibody Binding. Monoclonal antibodies bind only a single epitope while polyclonal antibodies bind different epitopes on the same protein.

Monoclonal antibodies are much more specific and with less background noise than polyclonal antibodies, and are as such generally preferable for biochemical assays. However, they are also usually more expensive to produce, less robust and are very sensitive to small changes in the antigen.

So the correct option is 'Monoclonal antiserum reacts against a single region of single antigen, Polyclonal antiserum reacts against multiple regions of the same antigens'.

What is true for monoclonal antibodies?

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. These antibodies obtained from one parent and for one antigen

  2. These obtained from different parents and for one antigen

  3. These obtained from one parent and for many antigens

  4. These obtained from many parents and for many antigen

Show answer
Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Antibodies, made from unique, identical cells of different parents, and act on one type of antigens are called Monoclonal antibodies.

So, the correct answer is ‘these obtained from different parents and for one antigen’ this should contain the option which is correct.

Monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies are produced by ________________.

biology immunity monoclonal antibodies antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

  1. T-memory cells

  2. NK-cells

  3. Plasma cells of B-lymphocytes

  4. Memory cells of B-lymphocytes

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Here, correct option is (C) because:

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by the same clone of plasma B cells and they bind to a unique epitope.
Whereas polyclonal antibodies are produced by different clones of plasma B cells and they bind to the different epitopes in the same antigen.