Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Which technique made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms ___________________.

  1. Recombinant DNA techniques

  2. Heavy isotope labelling

  3. X-ray diffraction

  4. Hybridisation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Recombinant DNA technology is the fundamental technique that allows scientists to cut, join, and insert DNA from one organism into another, enabling genetic engineering.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Which transgenic animal has been given human genes for organ transplantation into humans without risk of rejection?

  1. Cow

  2. Sheep

  3. Goat

  4. Pig
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pigs are often researched as potential organ donors for humans (xenotransplantation) because their organ sizes are similar to humans, and they can be genetically modified to reduce immune rejection.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Transgenic animals are generally produced for all of the following needs except

  1. Testing of chemical safety

  2. Testing of vaccine safety

  3. Stimulation of pathogenicity

  4. Production of pharmacologically important proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic animals are created to study diseases, test safety, and produce proteins, not to stimulate or create new pathogens.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

One of the advantages of developing transgenic mice is that it is very useful

  1. To study vaccine safety

  2. In producing new varieties of mice

  3. In developing a show piece example

  4. In gene targeting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic mice are specifically designed to be sensitive to certain pathogens or toxins, making them excellent models for testing the safety and efficacy of vaccines.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Which is correct regarding genetically engineered insulin using E. coli ________________.

  1. Difficult to purify

  2. Obtained in large unlimited quantities

  3. Possibility of transmission of animal diseases

  4. Insulin obtained varies in chemical structure
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Using E. coli to produce insulin allows for large-scale, cost-effective, and unlimited production of human insulin, which is safer than insulin derived from animal pancreases.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Which best describes a transgenic organism ?

  1. One that act as the donor for DNA to be moved into another organism

  2. One produced by cloning a mutant cell

  3. One that contains a foreign gene and is free- living in the environment

  4. Any genetically modified organism- resulting from laboratory research
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic Organism or Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Bacteria are the easiest organism to engineer and have been used for research, food production, industrial protein purification etc. There is a potential to use them for environmental purposes or as medicines.

So, the correct option is 'One that contains a foreign gene and is free-living in the environment'.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Genes found in plants and animals that are of actual or potential value to people are known as

  1. genetic resources

  2. biotic resources

  3. oceanic resources

  4. natural resources
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There are various genes that are found in animals and pants that are of important use for the humans. These genes are extracted and then introduced into organisms by genetic engineering.

These genes are known as genetic resources.
So, the correct option is 'genetic resources'

Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Important objective of biotechnology in agriculture section is

  1. To produce pest resistant varieties of plant

  2. To increase the nitrogen content

  3. To decrease the seed number

  4. To increase the plant weight
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is being used to address problems in all areas of agricultural production and processing. This includes plant breeding to raise and stabilize yields; to improve resistance to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses such as drought and cold; and to enhance the nutritional content of foods. 

Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Genetic modification (GM) has been used to

  1. Create tailor made plants

  2. Supply alternative resources to industries

  3. Enhanced nutritional value of food

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic modification by the introduction of the recombinant DNA has resulted in the creation of tailor-made plants that can be pest resistant, drought resistant, herbicide resistant, etc. It has supplied alternative to dairy farm industries by modifying plants and animals. It has also resulted in the creation of biofortified crops that have enhanced nutritional values of food.

Hence, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The application of biotechnology in agricultural field includes 

  1. Detection of infection caused by pathogen

  2. Maintaining quality control of various dairy products

  3. Monitoring biological activity in livestock

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is applied across all these areas: detecting pathogens, ensuring quality in dairy, and monitoring livestock health.

Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

NaCl is harmful to most crop plants. A scientist at the University of Toronto genetically modified a plant so that it could be grown in dry parts of the world where the available water has a high level of NaCl. This genetically modified plant copes with the high levels of NaCl by transporting salt into its vacuoles where it accumulates to abnormally high levels. Which feature would be observed in the genetically modified plant when compared to a non-modified plant?

  1. The leaves in the modified plant are more yellow in colour.

  2. The modified plant has salt crystals on the surface of its leaves.

  3. The Cytosol (the material between the plasma membrane and the vacuole membrane, excluding the organelles) in the modified plant has a lower osmotic pressure.

  4. The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop the flow of pure water or solvent into a solution across a partially permeable membrane. Water moves from a region of low osmotic pressure to a region of high osmotic pressure. As high leaves of NaCl is accumulated in the cells, of modified plant the osmotic pressure of cytosol is increased. Accumulation of salts in vacuoles causes compartmentalization of salts away from the cytosol and protects cytosol from the harmful effects of the high salt concentration. 

So, the correct answer is 'The cytosol in the modified plant has a higher osmotic pressure.'.

Multiple choice biology cell biology and biotechnology agritourism biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Maximum utilization techniques of biotechnology has been made in the field of

  1. Agriculture

  2. Medicines

  3. Industries

  4. Biogas production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biotechnology is the area involving the development of living organisms by so technical applications. It uses biological systems to modify the products. It is largely used in agriculture for developing genetic engineering and new crops yields.

So, the correct option is 'Agriculture'.