Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of

  1. Mycobacterium

  2. Rhizobium

  3. Saccharomyces

  4. Escherichia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A transgenic microorganism is a microbe, usually a bacterium, into which genetic information has been introduced from the outside and which possesses the ability to pass that information on to subsequent generations. In this process by which, scientists introduce new genetic material into a microorganism is called as molecular or gene cloning. It involves the isolation of DNA from a source other than the microorganism itself. The human insulin is produced by genetically engineered Escherichia coli.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biotechnology and genetic engineering genetic technology genetic engineering biology making use of enzymes

Some of the steps involved in the production of humilin are given below. Arrange them in the correct sequence and select the correct option.
(i) Synthesis of gene (DNA) for human insulin artificially
(ii) Culturing recombinant E.coll in bioreactors 
(iii) Purification of humilin
(iv) Insertion of human insulin gene into plasmid
(v) Introduction of recombinant plasmid into E.coli 
(vi) Extraction of recombinant gene product from E.coli.

  1. (ii), (i), (iv), (iii), (v), (vi)

  2. (i), (iii), (v), (vi), (ii), (iv)

  3. (i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)

  4. (iii), (v), (ii), (i), (vi), (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The given sentences can be arranged in a systemic order of i, iv, v, ii, vi, iii.

So, the correct option is '(i), (iv), (v), (ii), (vi), (iii)'.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

In transgenics, expression of transgene in target tissue is determined by?

  1. Reporter

  2. Enhancer

  3. Transgene

  4. Promotor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In transgenic studies, a promoter is a regulatory DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a particular gene, thus determining where and to what extent the transgene is expressed in the target tissue.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Match the column.

List-I List-II
(Transgenic plant) (Resistance to)
A) Papaya I) Herbicides
B) Bt cotton II) Ring spot virus
C) Roundup ready soya bean III) Phytophthora
D) Tomato IV) Insects
V) Pseudomonas

  1. A-II, B-V, C-I, D-IF

  2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

  3. A-III, B-I, C-V, D-II

  4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-V
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Matching the transgenic plants to their respective resistances: Papaya is engineered for resistance to ring spot virus (A-II). Bt cotton is engineered for resistance to insects (B-IV). Roundup ready soybean is resistant to glyphosate herbicides (C-I). Tomato has been modified for delayed ripening or other traits like resistance to Pseudomonas (D-V). Thus, the correct pairing is A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-V.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Genetically modified bacteria are used in 

  1. Medicine

  2. Patrolling

  3. Cropping

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. The drug industry has made use of this discovery in its quest to produce medication for diabetes. 

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Transgenic plants are 

  1. Plants having no gene

  2. Plants in which gene are present in an opposite or transposition

  3. Plants in which genes have no function to perform

  4. Plants in which genes of another organism have been implanted
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics.They are identified as a class of genetically modified organisms. Transgenic plants can be created by inserting genes of other organisms. 

So, the correct answer is 'plants in which genes of another organisms have been implanted'

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Bioremediation is

  1. Genetically engineered organisms capable of producing pharmaceuticals

  2. Biological control

  3. Biopurification of environment

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Bioremediation is the process of treating the contaminated water, soil and subsurface material by altering the environmental conditions in which the growth of microorganisms is stimulated.

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing

  1. Transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac diseases

  2. Transgenic cow, Rosie, which produces high fat milk for making ghee

  3. Animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power

  4. Transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic mice are widely used as models to test the safety of vaccines, such as the polio vaccine, before they are administered to humans, reducing the need for using monkeys.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Which technique made it possible to genetically engineer living organisms ___________________.

  1. Recombinant DNA techniques

  2. Heavy isotope labelling

  3. X-ray diffraction

  4. Hybridisation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Recombinant DNA technology is the fundamental technique that allows scientists to cut, join, and insert DNA from one organism into another, enabling genetic engineering.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Which transgenic animal has been given human genes for organ transplantation into humans without risk of rejection?

  1. Cow

  2. Sheep

  3. Goat

  4. Pig
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Pigs are often researched as potential organ donors for humans (xenotransplantation) because their organ sizes are similar to humans, and they can be genetically modified to reduce immune rejection.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

Transgenic animals are generally produced for all of the following needs except

  1. Testing of chemical safety

  2. Testing of vaccine safety

  3. Stimulation of pathogenicity

  4. Production of pharmacologically important proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic animals are created to study diseases, test safety, and produce proteins, not to stimulate or create new pathogens.

Multiple choice biology genetics of the future genetically modified animals and crops transgenic organisms biotechnology and its applications

One of the advantages of developing transgenic mice is that it is very useful

  1. To study vaccine safety

  2. In producing new varieties of mice

  3. In developing a show piece example

  4. In gene targeting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Transgenic mice are specifically designed to be sensitive to certain pathogens or toxins, making them excellent models for testing the safety and efficacy of vaccines.