Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice evs - i growth and personality development heredity and other supporting factors for development all together community work and its importance
Reduction in weight of an organism due to nutrition is genetically controlled.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically controlled traits are the one which is regulated by genes and are inherited from one generation to next via the process of reproduction. The overall appearance of an organism (phenotype) is the product of its genotype and environmental factors. The weight of an organism is determined in part by its genotype and in part by environmental factors like nutrition, lifestyle, physical activity etc. Thus, reduction in weight due to malnutrition is the environmental factor and is not determined genetically. Thus, the correct answer is option B 

Multiple choice botany plant breeding plant breeding for disease resistance and insect resistance method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production

A gene bank is a place where valuable plant material is preserved in viable condition. Gene banks are parts of

  1. In-situ conservation

  2. Ex-situ conservation

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gene banks are a type of biorepository which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seedbank). For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. With corals, fragments are taken which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions. Plant genetic material in a 'gene bank' is preserved at -196 celsius in liquid nitrogen as mature seed dry. In plants, it is possible to unfreeze the material and propagate it, however, in animals, a living female is required for artificial insemination. While it is often difficult to utilize frozen animal sperm and eggs, there are many examples of it being done successfully. Ex-situ conservation of plant genetic resources can be achieved through different methods such as seed banks, field gene banks, in-vitro storage methods, pollen banks and DNA banks. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering use of microbes in biotechnology use of microbes in industrial applications useful microorganisms

Which is not one of the new uses of biotechnology ?

  1. Making beer and wine

  2. Cleaning up oil spills

  3. Increasing soil fertility

  4. Obtaining minerals from mining
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Making beer, wine, cheese, curd etc using microorganisms are classic methods of biotechnology I.e. using microbes for isolation. Of product of our use. While with advancement in technology, we have extended biotechnology to other purposes like Cleaning up oil spills, increasing soil fertility, obtaining minerals from mining etc. 

So, the correct option is 'Making beer and wine'.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and conservation hotspots and methods of conservation biodiversity: conservation conservation of biodiversity basis of classification in animals basis of the classification of animals criteria for animal classification

The species used as natural genetic engineer is

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Aspergillus

  4. Drosophila
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens will transfer genes (T-DNA region of Ti plasmid) into the plant that produces its food or nutrient called opines (opines are not needed for plants). Apart from that, it also integrates genes for cell division and proliferation leading to crown gall disease, so that more number of cells result in more production of opines. Because of this reason it is called as a 'natural genetic engineer'.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and conservation hotspots and methods of conservation biodiversity: conservation conservation of biodiversity basis of classification in animals basis of the classification of animals criteria for animal classification

Gene library consists of

  1. All fragments of a genome

  2. Frozen germplasm

  3. Tissue culture

  4. Living bacteria having clones of genes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A gene library can be defined as a collection of living bacteria colonies that have been transformed with different pieces of DNA from the organism. These DNA fragments are the sources of the genes of interest. 

So, the correct option is 'Living bacteria having clones of genes'.

Multiple choice biology plant tissues tissues of plants levels of organisation in plants structural organization in living organisms

To ensure that the transferred gene expresses in all tissues of plant, which of the following promoters should be used?

  1. Ribulose $1, 5$-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene
  2. Histone $3$ gene

  3. Phosphoenal pyruvate carboxylase gene
  4. Cauliflower mosaic virus, $35$ S RNA gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

To ensure strong and constitutive expression of a transferred gene across all tissues of a plant, the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S (CaMV 35S) promoter is widely used because it drives high-level constitutive expression in almost all plant tissues.

Multiple choice international conservation organizations- cites biodiversity, classification and conservation biology

_______ is the exploration of molecular, genetic and species level diversity for gaining the products of economic importance.

  1. Exploitation

  2. Bioprospecting

  3. Co-extinction

  4. Patenting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bioprospecting is the exploration of molecular, genetic and species level-diversity for gaining the products of economic importance. It comes under narrowly utilitarian category. 

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering making use of enzymes genetic technology genetic engineering

Which of the following is a common use of somatic hybridization?

  1. Transfer of jumping genes

  2. Transfer of some of the chromosomes between divergent species

  3. Transfer of resistant gene

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The process by which protoplasts of two different plant species are fused together and transfer of some of the chromosomes occurs between two species to form hybrids is called as somatic hybridization and the hybrids that are produced is known as somatic hybrids. The steps of somatic hybridization involve - isolation of protoplasts, the fusion of different protoplasts and selection of hybrids. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Which one of the following is a genetically engineered antiviral protein?

  1. Interferon

  2. Humulin

  3. Griseofulvin

  4. Fumagillin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interferons are glycoproteins produced by cells in response to viral infections and are now produced using recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) for therapeutic use.

Multiple choice cancer - causes, signs and diagnosis human health and diseases zoology

'Superbug' a biotechnological feat is useful in the _____________.

  1. Treatment of Cancer

  2. Cleaning oil Spillage

  3. Espionage

  4. Biodegradation of plastics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The superbug engineered by Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty is a genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas bacteria capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, making it useful in cleaning oil spills.

Multiple choice biology animal tissue muscular tissues muscle tissue muscle tissues

In transgenics, expression of transgene in target tissue is determined by ____________.

  1. Reporter

  2. Enhancer

  3. Transgene

  4. Promotor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In transgenic organisms, the promoter is the DNA sequence that initiates the transcription of the transgene, thereby determining where and when the gene is expressed.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

The term 'recombinant DNA' refers to

  1. DNA of the host cell

  2. DNA with a piece of foreign DNA

  3. DNA with selectable marker

  4. DNA with more than one recognition sites
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'DNA with a piece of foreign DNA'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

The term 'chimeric DNA' refers to

  1. DNA with overhanging stretches

  2. DNA with palindromic sequence

  3. A recombinant DNA

  4. Molecular scissors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
After cutting the source DNA and the vector DNA with a specific restriction enzyme, the cut out 'gene of interest' from the source DNA and the cut vector with space are mixed and ligase enzyme is added. This results in the formation of rDNA or hybrid DNA or chimeric DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'A recombinant DNA'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics insertion and ligation of dna cutting, insertion and ligation of dna biotechnology in agriculture

You discovered a novel eukaryotic organism that glows in the dark. You believe this trait is due to a single gene, and you wish to clone the gene. which of the following strategies is most likely to be successful?

  1. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into a plasmid

  2. Isolate the genomic DNA from the organism, digest with a restriction endonuclease, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for for the ability to glow in the dark.

  3. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, insert into a plasmid vector and transform into bacteria. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.

  4. Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and genetate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

As it is a eukaryotic gene, it is better to be incorporated in a eukaryotic cell. Digestion by restriction endonuclease is not possible as the gene is unidentified and is to be isolated and cloned. It is better and easier to identify the gene transcript, i.e., protein coding mRNA, reverse transcribe it to produce cDNA and then transferring this intron less cDNA into an eukaryotic cell like yeast through a plasmid vector.
So, the correct answer is 'Isolate mRNA from the organism, reverse transcribe and generate cDNA, Insert into a plasmid vector and transform into eukaryotic cells such as yeast. Screen colonies for the ability to glow in the dark'.