Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Biopiracy means

  1. Use of biopatents

  2. Thefts of plants and animals

  3. Stealing of bioresources

  4. Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is exploitation of bioresources of a company by organisations and multinationals for commercial purpose with or without patent but without any Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABA). Bioresources or biological resources are all those organisms which can provide commercial benefits. They are abundant in developing countries have traditional knowledge related in bioresources. On the other hand, developed countries are poor in bioresources but are rich in technology. Traditional knowledge helps in saving time, effort and expenditure in developing refined product for commercialisation. Therefore, based on traditional knowledge, institutions and companies of industrialised nations are collecting and exploiting bioresources of other nations by getting them patented. So, the correct answer is 'Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.
Column I                         Column II
A. Biopiracy          (i) Effort to fix the non-functional gene
B. Biopatent         (ii) Gene silencing
C. Gene therapy  (ii) Illegal removal of biological materials
D. RNAi               (iv) Right granted for biological entities

  1. A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (i), D -(iii)

  2. A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(iii)

  3. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(ii)

  4. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D -(i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
 A. Biopiracy  The act of Piracy is unauthorized publication or reproduction of another person’s work or material. When someone indulges in piracy, the accused is using someone’s else’s work illegally or without taking any permission. Biopiracy is the appropriation of another’s knowledge of use of biological resources. Of late, the major issue involving biopiracy is the exploitation of patent biological resources or knowledge of farmers and traditional communities and indigenous tribes by many organizations and multinational companies. The innovations and discovery of the pharmaceutical and agricultural researches are not new as to qualify as invention as they are based on centuries of knowledge of the traditional societies.So the correct option is 'illegal removal of biological materials'.
 B. Biopatent  A biological patent is a patent on an invention in the field of biology that by law allows the patent holder to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the protected invention for a limited period of time. The scope and reach of biological patents vary among jurisdictions, and may include biological technology and products, genetically modified organisms and genetic material. The applicability of patents to substances and processes wholly or partially natural in origin is a subject of debate.So the correct option is 'right granted for biological entities'.
 C. Gene therapy Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease. The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980 by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health, was performed in May 1989. The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as well as the first direct insertion of human DNA into the nuclear genome was performed by French Anderson in a trial starting in September 1990.So the correct option is 'effort to fix the non-functional gene'.
 D. RNAi  RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. Historically, RNAi was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Since the discovery of RNAi and its regulatory potentials, it has become evident that RNAi has immense potential in suppression of desired genes. RNAi is now known as precise, efficient, stable and better than antisense technology for gene suppression. However, antisense RNA produced intracellularly by an expression vector may be developed and find utility as novel therapeutic agents.So the correct option is 'gene silencing'
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

The method of biopiracy is _________.

  1. Illegal collection of biological sample

  2. Legal collection of biological sample

  3. Biopatent

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. Thus option A is the correct answer.


Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Some multinational companies patent biological sample of other country without permission is called as

  1. Bioweapon

  2. Bioethics

  3. Biopiracy

  4. Biopatent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. 

So, the correct answer is ' Biopiracy'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Biopiracy is

  1. Use of biopatents

  2. Thefts of plants and animals

  3. Stealing of bioresources

  4. Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. Thus option D is the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

The purpose of biopiracy is

  1. Introduction of new plant varieties

  2. Introduction of new living organisms

  3. Production of pharmaceuticals

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is driven by the desire to commercialize biological resources for various purposes, including pharmaceuticals, new crop varieties, and industrial applications.

Multiple choice evs - i growth and personality development heredity and other supporting factors for development all together community work and its importance

What does 'Eugenics' pertains to?

  1. Improvement of mankind by improving his heredity

  2. Preservating human sperms for artificial insemination

  3. Study of human genetics

  4. Controlling size of a human family
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Eugenics is a social philosophy advocating the improvement of human genetic traits through the promotion of higher reproduction of people with desired traits and reduced reproduction of people with less-desired or undesired traits.

Multiple choice evs - i growth and personality development heredity and other supporting factors for development all together community work and its importance
Reduction in weight of an organism due to nutrition is genetically controlled.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically controlled traits are the one which is regulated by genes and are inherited from one generation to next via the process of reproduction. The overall appearance of an organism (phenotype) is the product of its genotype and environmental factors. The weight of an organism is determined in part by its genotype and in part by environmental factors like nutrition, lifestyle, physical activity etc. Thus, reduction in weight due to malnutrition is the environmental factor and is not determined genetically. Thus, the correct answer is option B 

Multiple choice botany plant breeding plant breeding for disease resistance and insect resistance method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production

A gene bank is a place where valuable plant material is preserved in viable condition. Gene banks are parts of

  1. In-situ conservation

  2. Ex-situ conservation

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Gene banks are a type of biorepository which preserve genetic material. For plants, this could be by freezing cuttings from the plant or stocking the seeds (e.g., in a seedbank). For animals, this is the freezing of sperm and eggs in zoological freezers until further need. With corals, fragments are taken which are stored in water tanks under controlled conditions. Plant genetic material in a 'gene bank' is preserved at -196 celsius in liquid nitrogen as mature seed dry. In plants, it is possible to unfreeze the material and propagate it, however, in animals, a living female is required for artificial insemination. While it is often difficult to utilize frozen animal sperm and eggs, there are many examples of it being done successfully. Ex-situ conservation of plant genetic resources can be achieved through different methods such as seed banks, field gene banks, in-vitro storage methods, pollen banks and DNA banks. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and genetic engineering use of microbes in biotechnology use of microbes in industrial applications useful microorganisms

Which is not one of the new uses of biotechnology ?

  1. Making beer and wine

  2. Cleaning up oil spills

  3. Increasing soil fertility

  4. Obtaining minerals from mining
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Making beer, wine, cheese, curd etc using microorganisms are classic methods of biotechnology I.e. using microbes for isolation. Of product of our use. While with advancement in technology, we have extended biotechnology to other purposes like Cleaning up oil spills, increasing soil fertility, obtaining minerals from mining etc. 

So, the correct option is 'Making beer and wine'.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and conservation hotspots and methods of conservation biodiversity: conservation conservation of biodiversity basis of classification in animals basis of the classification of animals criteria for animal classification

The species used as natural genetic engineer is

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Bacillus thuringiensis

  3. Aspergillus

  4. Drosophila
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens will transfer genes (T-DNA region of Ti plasmid) into the plant that produces its food or nutrient called opines (opines are not needed for plants). Apart from that, it also integrates genes for cell division and proliferation leading to crown gall disease, so that more number of cells result in more production of opines. Because of this reason it is called as a 'natural genetic engineer'.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and conservation hotspots and methods of conservation biodiversity: conservation conservation of biodiversity basis of classification in animals basis of the classification of animals criteria for animal classification

Gene library consists of

  1. All fragments of a genome

  2. Frozen germplasm

  3. Tissue culture

  4. Living bacteria having clones of genes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

A gene library can be defined as a collection of living bacteria colonies that have been transformed with different pieces of DNA from the organism. These DNA fragments are the sources of the genes of interest. 

So, the correct option is 'Living bacteria having clones of genes'.

Multiple choice international conservation organizations- cites biodiversity, classification and conservation biology

_______ is the exploration of molecular, genetic and species level diversity for gaining the products of economic importance.

  1. Exploitation

  2. Bioprospecting

  3. Co-extinction

  4. Patenting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bioprospecting is the exploration of molecular, genetic and species level-diversity for gaining the products of economic importance. It comes under narrowly utilitarian category. 

Multiple choice biology biotechnology and genetic engineering making use of enzymes genetic technology genetic engineering

Which of the following is a common use of somatic hybridization?

  1. Transfer of jumping genes

  2. Transfer of some of the chromosomes between divergent species

  3. Transfer of resistant gene

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The process by which protoplasts of two different plant species are fused together and transfer of some of the chromosomes occurs between two species to form hybrids is called as somatic hybridization and the hybrids that are produced is known as somatic hybrids. The steps of somatic hybridization involve - isolation of protoplasts, the fusion of different protoplasts and selection of hybrids. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B.