Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

GMO technology is useful for ______________.

  1. Making crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses

  2. Helping to reduce post-harvest losses

  3. Enhancing nutritional value of food

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

GMO technology is versatile and is used for improving crop resilience to abiotic stresses (like drought or salinity), reducing post-harvest losses (like delayed ripening), and enhancing nutritional content (like Golden Rice).

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Genetically engineered male sterile crop plants may be produced by inserting

  1. Bt toxin gene

  2. Barnase gene

  3. Lectin gene

  4. Chitinase gene
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Barnase gene, when expressed in the tapetum cells of plants, leads to the destruction of these cells, resulting in male sterility. This is a common technique used in hybrid seed production.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are-

  1. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Vibrio cholerae and a tailed bacteriophage

  3. Diplococcus sp.and Pseudomonas sp.

  4. Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis

    elegans
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • E. coli is a perfect model for several reasons: E. coli is a single-celled organism that can be manipulated and killed with no ethical concerns. It has a rapid growth rate and is very easy to culture and grow. Finally, and most importantly, E. coli genetics are well-studied and can be manipulated easily.
  • The basis of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic engineering is that the T-DNA of A. tumefaciens is excised and integrates into the plant genome as part of the natural infection process by this bacterium. An Agrobacterium cell to act as the vehicle for a transforming plasmid. a Ti plasmid with functional Vir genes.

So, the correct answer is 'Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Which of the following bacteria is used as a vector for plant genetic engineering?

  1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

  2. Bacteriophages

  3. Thermus aquaticus

  4. Pyrococcus furiosus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Since A. tumefaciens is a natural plant genetic engineer known to induce tumours in plants by transferring j and integrating its DNA into the host genome. Therefore, by slightly manipulating, i.e., removing the tumour causing genes and replacing them with desired genes, it can be easily used as a plant vector.

So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Transgene is a foreign gene artificially transferred into an organism

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene (called transgenesis) has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism.

So, the statement is 'True'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are developed by rDNA technology and genetic engineering. They are useful for

  1. Enhancing food nutritional value

  2. Reduction in the post-harvest losses

  3. Increasing the tolerance power of crops against the abiotic stresses

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are those organisms whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as recombinant DNA.
They have many applications like:
Genetically modified organisms can be used to produce genetically modified food which enhances the nutrient value of food. 
GMOs help to increase yields by protecting crops from pests, weeds thereby reducing the post-harvest losses.
Genetically modified crops is emerging as an effective measure to counteract the negative impact of abiotic stress.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice zoology applications of biotechnology genetically modified organism transgenic organisms genetic modification and biotechnology

Which of the following risks are associated with genetically modified foods?

  1. Toxicity in human beings

  2. Allergic reactions in human beings

  3. Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms present in alimentary canal

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetically modified crops are the plants whose DNA has been modified by using genetic engineering methods to introduce a new tait in the plants. But several studies indicate serious health risks associated with GMO's including infertility, immune problems, allergic reactions, changes in the system of GIT. The toxins introduced in plants cause allergic reactions in humans , even they move to the GIT of humans or the foetus in pregnant mothers. GMOs also fails the allergic tests because their proteins have some properties similar to allergens. They also reduces our immunity level. 

So, the correct option is 'Option D' .

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Biopiracy means

  1. Use of biopatents

  2. Thefts of plants and animals

  3. Stealing of bioresources

  4. Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is exploitation of bioresources of a company by organisations and multinationals for commercial purpose with or without patent but without any Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement (ABA). Bioresources or biological resources are all those organisms which can provide commercial benefits. They are abundant in developing countries have traditional knowledge related in bioresources. On the other hand, developed countries are poor in bioresources but are rich in technology. Traditional knowledge helps in saving time, effort and expenditure in developing refined product for commercialisation. Therefore, based on traditional knowledge, institutions and companies of industrialised nations are collecting and exploiting bioresources of other nations by getting them patented. So, the correct answer is 'Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Match column I with column II and select the correct answer from the given codes.
Column I                         Column II
A. Biopiracy          (i) Effort to fix the non-functional gene
B. Biopatent         (ii) Gene silencing
C. Gene therapy  (ii) Illegal removal of biological materials
D. RNAi               (iv) Right granted for biological entities

  1. A - (iv), B - (ii), C - (i), D -(iii)

  2. A - (ii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(iii)

  3. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D -(ii)

  4. A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (ii), D -(i)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
 A. Biopiracy  The act of Piracy is unauthorized publication or reproduction of another person’s work or material. When someone indulges in piracy, the accused is using someone’s else’s work illegally or without taking any permission. Biopiracy is the appropriation of another’s knowledge of use of biological resources. Of late, the major issue involving biopiracy is the exploitation of patent biological resources or knowledge of farmers and traditional communities and indigenous tribes by many organizations and multinational companies. The innovations and discovery of the pharmaceutical and agricultural researches are not new as to qualify as invention as they are based on centuries of knowledge of the traditional societies.So the correct option is 'illegal removal of biological materials'.
 B. Biopatent  A biological patent is a patent on an invention in the field of biology that by law allows the patent holder to exclude others from making, using, selling, or importing the protected invention for a limited period of time. The scope and reach of biological patents vary among jurisdictions, and may include biological technology and products, genetically modified organisms and genetic material. The applicability of patents to substances and processes wholly or partially natural in origin is a subject of debate.So the correct option is 'right granted for biological entities'.
 C. Gene therapy Gene therapy is the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acid into a patient's cells as a drug to treat disease. The first attempt at modifying human DNA was performed in 1980 by Martin Cline, but the first successful nuclear gene transfer in humans, approved by the National Institutes of Health, was performed in May 1989. The first therapeutic use of gene transfer as well as the first direct insertion of human DNA into the nuclear genome was performed by French Anderson in a trial starting in September 1990.So the correct option is 'effort to fix the non-functional gene'.
 D. RNAi  RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules. Historically, RNAi was known by other names, including co-suppression, post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), and quelling. Since the discovery of RNAi and its regulatory potentials, it has become evident that RNAi has immense potential in suppression of desired genes. RNAi is now known as precise, efficient, stable and better than antisense technology for gene suppression. However, antisense RNA produced intracellularly by an expression vector may be developed and find utility as novel therapeutic agents.So the correct option is 'gene silencing'
Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

The method of biopiracy is _________.

  1. Illegal collection of biological sample

  2. Legal collection of biological sample

  3. Biopatent

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. Thus option A is the correct answer.


Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Some multinational companies patent biological sample of other country without permission is called as

  1. Bioweapon

  2. Bioethics

  3. Biopiracy

  4. Biopatent
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. 

So, the correct answer is ' Biopiracy'.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

Biopiracy is

  1. Use of biopatents

  2. Thefts of plants and animals

  3. Stealing of bioresources

  4. Exploitation of bioresources without authentic permission
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is the term used to refer to the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment. Thus option D is the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany biotechnology and its applications biopiracy biotechnological regulations principles and process of biotechnology

The purpose of biopiracy is

  1. Introduction of new plant varieties

  2. Introduction of new living organisms

  3. Production of pharmaceuticals

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Biopiracy is driven by the desire to commercialize biological resources for various purposes, including pharmaceuticals, new crop varieties, and industrial applications.