Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,033 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Genes can be inserted into human cells by

  1. PCR

  2. Xenotransplantation

  3. Modified viruses

  4. Modified microarrays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Modified viruses (viral vectors) are commonly used in gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes into human cells because of their natural ability to infect cells.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Find the odd one among the following methods of rDNA transfer into host cell.

  1. Biolistics

  2. Gene gun

  3. Microinjection

  4. Retroviral vector
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

There are various methods of making the host cell competent for transformation with Recombinant DNA technology.

Microinjection method is one where the recommended DNA is directly injected into the nucleus of the animal cell. In the gene gun method, the bombardments on plant cell with high-velocity microparticles of gold or tungsten coated with DNA is done which is known as biolistic or gene gun.
The pathogen vectors are allowed to infect the cell and transfer the recombinant DNA into the host cell which is known as the retroviral vector method.
So, the correct option is 'Biolistics'.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which cannot be used for direct gene transfer 

  1. Biolistics (gene gun)

  2. Microinjection

  3. Electroporation

  4. Agrobacterium tumefacians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Biolistics (gene gun), Microinjection and Electroporation are direct methods of gene transfer.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium, which can cause crown gall tumors at wound sites of infected dicotyledonous plants.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens acts as a vector for the transfer of genetic material hence it cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
  • Hence Agrobacterium tumefaciens cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Gene gun can introduce genes into cells with the help of

  1. Plasmids

  2. Cosmids

  3. Microscopic pellets

  4. Phagemids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the gene gun method, microscopic pellets of gold or tungsten are coated with the transgene fragments and shot into the plant cells or tissues at high velocity. 

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Biolistic gun is suitable for

  1. Transformation of plant cells

  2. Disarming pathogen vectors

  3. DNA finger printing

  4. Constructing recombinant DNA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biolistic guns are particularly effective for transforming plant cells, especially those that are difficult to infect with Agrobacterium or are recalcitrant to other transformation methods.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is most widely used for gene transfer because of/ as 

  1. It causes crown gall tumours

  2. Its ability to insert Ti plasmid into nuclear genome

  3. It can grow anywhere

  4. It has the ability to kill pathogenic bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a natural genetic engineer; it contains a Ti plasmid that it naturally transfers into the host plant cell genome, causing crown gall disease. Scientists exploit this natural mechanism to introduce foreign genes.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which one of the following is the method of gene transfer based on the use of short electrical impulses of high field strength?

  1. Ultrasoniation

  2. Electroporation

  3. Microprojectile

  4. Macro injection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Electroporation is a molecular biology technique where an electrical field of high field strength is applied briefly to cells to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing the uptake of foreign genes or DNA.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

The most commonly used method of choice for gene transfer using immature embryos as explants is ______________.

  1. Microprojectile

  2. Electroporation

  3. Liposome medfeted

  4. Chemically stimulated
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Microprojectile bombardment (biolistics) is the most effective method for delivering DNA into complex tissues like immature embryos, as it can penetrate cell walls and reach deep into the tissue.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Polyethylene glycol method is used for :

  1. Energy production from sewage

  2. Gene transfer without a vector

  3. Biodiesel production

  4. Seedless fruit production
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a chemical agent used to facilitate the uptake of DNA into protoplasts (cells without walls) by inducing membrane fusion, which is a vector-free method of gene transfer.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Electroporation in cloning is

  1. Introduction of genetic material to transgenic animal.

  2. Introduction of genetic material through viruses.

  3. Manipulation of cells by exposing them to a strong electric field.

  4. Injecting DNA into the egg.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Electroporation or electropermeabilization, is a molecular biology technique in which an electrical field is applied to cells in order to increase the permeability of the cell membrane, allowing chemicals, drugs, or DNA to be introduced into the cell. In molecular biology, the process of electroporation is often used to transform bacteria, yeast, or plant protoplasts by introducing new coding DNA.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

PEG is used for

  1. Fusing of protoplasts

  2. Cloning

  3. Filling water and alcohol

  4. Production of eggs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Several chemicals have been used to induce protoplast fusion.
  • Sodium nitrate (NaN03), polyethene glycol (PEG), Calcium ions (Ca2+), Polyvinyl alcohol etc. are the most commonly used protoplast fusion inducing agents which are commonly known as chemical fusogens. 
  • Hence, PEG is used for Fusing of protoplasts.
  •  So, the correct answer is 'Fusing of protoplasts'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which of the following, is a method of gene transfer?

  1. Microinjection

  2. Particle gun

  3. Electroporation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Gene transfer technologies include techniques of electroporation, microinjection, macroinjection, biolistics or microprojectiles for DNA transfer (particle gun), liposome mediated gene transfer, calcium phosphate mediated DNA transfer, use of DAE-dextran to transfer gene, polycation-DMSO for DNA transfer, polyethylene glycol mediated transfection and gene transfer through peptides.

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice geography manufacturing industries in india - ii : mineral-based information technology industry automobile and electronic industries electronic, heavy and petrochemical industries in india

Use of living organisms for the welfare of mankind is called ________.

  1. Biotechnology

  2. Microbiology

  3. Cell biology

  4. Information technology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Use of living organisms for the welfare of mankind is called Microbiology.
Microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, some algae, viruses, viroids and also prions. Some other microorganisms are beneficial and contribute to human welfare. This post is about such useful microorganisms [useful microbes].

Multiple choice geography manufacturing industries in india - ii : mineral-based information technology industry automobile and electronic industries electronic, heavy and petrochemical industries in india

Biotechnology that is applied to medical processes is called ___________________.

  1. Green biotechnology

  2. Red biotechnology

  3. Blue biotechnology

  4. White biotechnology
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Red biotechnology(Bio-pharmaceutical) is a process that utilizes organisms to improve health care and help the body to fight diseases. It is a branch of modern biotechnology which is utilized in the field of medicine.