Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice biology mineral nutrition in plants hydroponics hydroculture essential and non-essential mineral elements

Which of the following technique/s of agriculture is gaining significance in developing space foods?

  1. Aeroponics

  2. Hydroponics

  3. Somatic hybridization

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

 A.Aeroponics is growing a plant in air or mist environment.This technique is gaining significance in developing space foods because it do not require soil to grow the plant.

 B.hydroponic is growing plant in nutrient-enriched water without soil. This technique is gaining significance in developing space foods because it do not require soil to grow the plant.
C.Somatic hybridization - Fusion of protoplasts of two different plants.
So the correct option is "both A and B".

Multiple choice zoology molecular basis of inheritance the search for genetic material dna structure and replication molecular genetics

DNA was proved to be genetic material through experiment of

  1. Transduction

  2. Replica experiment

  3. Viral infection of Tobacco

  4. Transformation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Frederick Griffith's experiment with Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated that a 'transforming principle' could change non-virulent bacteria into virulent ones, which was later identified as DNA.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Consider the following effects of genetic engineering:
1. Disease resistance
2. Growth promotion
3. Cloning
4. Longevity
Of these effects, those that have been tried out with a certain amounts of success include

  1. 1, 2 and 4

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 1, 3 and 4

  4. 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering allows of plants or animals to be modified so their maturity can occur at a quicker pace. Engineering can allow this maturity to occur outside of the normal growth conditions that are favorable without genetic changes as well. Even if there is higher levels of heat or lower levels of light, it becomes possible to expand what can be grown in those conditions. Genetic modification can help to create resistance to common forms of organism death. Pest resistance can be included into the genetic profiles of plants so they can mature as a crop without any further additives. Animals can have their genetic profiles modified to reduce the risks of common health concerns that may affect the breed or species. This creates the potential for an extended lifespan for each organism. With genetic engineering, new products can be created by adding or combining different profiles together. This process is called cloning. This makes it possible for more people to get what they need nutritionally, even if their food access is limited, and this could potentially reduce global food insecurity.

So the correct option is '1, 2 and 3'.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Introduction of foreign genes for improving genotype is

  1. Biotechnology

  2. Tissue culture

  3. Vernalisation

  4. Genetic manipulation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Genetic engineering is the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism. The goal is to add one or more new traits that are not already found in that organism. Gene manipulation is also sometimes called the genetic engineering. It is a general term for any method which manipulate with the genetic material. Gene manipulation includes gene splicing, use of recombinant DNA, forming of the monoclonal antibodies or PCR (polymerase chain reaction).

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology the life cycle of animals how do animals reproduce? excretory, nervous and reproductive system structure and functions of living organisms -ii

Biotechnology is a (an) 

  1. Science to culture bacteria

  2. Application of biological organisms to study genetics

  3. Application of biological organisms and systems to manufacture industrial products useful to mankind

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biotechnology is a broad discipline in which biological processes, organisms, cells or cellular components are exploited to develop new technologies. New tools and products developed by biotechnologists are useful in research, agriculture, industry and the clinic.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

In biolistic method of gene transfer, the microparticles coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target cells at a very high velocity. These microparticles are made up of

  1. Silver or Tungsten

  2. Arsenic or Silver

  3. Gold or Tungsten

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Biolistic method or gene gun method is a direct or vectorless method of introducing DNA into cells that involves bombardment of cells with high-velocity microprojectiles coated with DNA. In biolistic method, tungsten or gold particles, coated with foreign DNA are bombarded into target at a very high velocity.
So, the correct answer is 'Gold or tungsten'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which of the following techniques can be used to introduce foreign DNA into the cell?

  1. Using disarmed pathogen

  2. Microinjection

  3. Gene gun

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vectors, gene gun ( biolistic ) and microinjection are all viable techniques to insert foreign DNA into the host cell. So, the correct option is All of these.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Genes can be inserted into human cells by

  1. PCR

  2. Xenotransplantation

  3. Modified viruses

  4. Modified microarrays
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Modified viruses (viral vectors) are commonly used in gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes into human cells because of their natural ability to infect cells.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Which cannot be used for direct gene transfer 

  1. Biolistics (gene gun)

  2. Microinjection

  3. Electroporation

  4. Agrobacterium tumefacians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Biolistics (gene gun), Microinjection and Electroporation are direct methods of gene transfer.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil bacterium, which can cause crown gall tumors at wound sites of infected dicotyledonous plants.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens acts as a vector for the transfer of genetic material hence it cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
  • Hence Agrobacterium tumefaciens cannot be used for direct gene transfer.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'.
Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Gene gun can introduce genes into cells with the help of

  1. Plasmids

  2. Cosmids

  3. Microscopic pellets

  4. Phagemids
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In the gene gun method, microscopic pellets of gold or tungsten are coated with the transgene fragments and shot into the plant cells or tissues at high velocity. 

So the correct option is C.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Biolistic gun is suitable for

  1. Transformation of plant cells

  2. Disarming pathogen vectors

  3. DNA finger printing

  4. Constructing recombinant DNA
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Biolistic guns are particularly effective for transforming plant cells, especially those that are difficult to infect with Agrobacterium or are recalcitrant to other transformation methods.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is most widely used for gene transfer because of/ as 

  1. It causes crown gall tumours

  2. Its ability to insert Ti plasmid into nuclear genome

  3. It can grow anywhere

  4. It has the ability to kill pathogenic bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a natural genetic engineer; it contains a Ti plasmid that it naturally transfers into the host plant cell genome, causing crown gall disease. Scientists exploit this natural mechanism to introduce foreign genes.

Multiple choice botany option b: biotechnology and bioinformatics dna transfer rdna technology - dna transfer and transformation biotechnology in agriculture

The most commonly used method of choice for gene transfer using immature embryos as explants is ______________.

  1. Microprojectile

  2. Electroporation

  3. Liposome medfeted

  4. Chemically stimulated
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Microprojectile bombardment (biolistics) is the most effective method for delivering DNA into complex tissues like immature embryos, as it can penetrate cell walls and reach deep into the tissue.