Biology

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2,010 Questions

Genetic engineering and biotechnology involve modifying organism DNA to develop transgenic crops, medical treatments, and industrial solutions. This field covers essential techniques like hybridoma technology, molecular markers, and gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. These biology topics are essential for aspirants preparing for various competitive examinations.

Genetic engineering techniquesTransgenic organismsIndustrial biotechnologyGMOs and bioremediation

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Questions

Multiple choice

Cultivation of Bt cotton has been much in the news. The prefix Bt means

  1. barium-treated cotton seeds

  2. bigger thread variety of cotton with better tensile strength

  3. that it is produced by biotechnology using restriction enzymes and ligases

  4. that it is carrying an endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct choice. It is Bacillus thuringiensis.

Multiple choice

The terminator gene technology causes

  1. failure of setting of genes after one generation

  2. breakage of seed dormancy

  3. early flowering of plants

  4. None of the above

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Terminator technology is the genetic modification of plants to make them produce sterile seeds. These seeds are also known as suicide seeds.

Multiple choice

Totipotency refers to the

  1. capability of organisms to regenerate their lost parts

  2. capability of somatic cells to produce a complete organism

  3. introduction of foreign genes into the cells of DNA

  4. technique of growing immature embryos

  5. -
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Totipotency is the genetic potential of a plant cell to produce the entire plant.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

  1. Gray biotechnology is related to industrial process.

  2. Retrovirus is used as vector for cloning genes.

  3. Agarose is used in gel electrophoresis.

  4. Synthesis of DNA from mRNA involves transaminase enzyme.

  5. Plasmid and plasmodium are used as vector in genetic engineering.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

In genetic engineering, a DNA segment of interest is transferred to the host cell through a vector, i.e. plasmid, bacteriophase, etc. Plasmodium is a genus of apicomplexan parasites. Infection by these organisms is known as malaria disease. 

Multiple choice

Recombinant DNA technology in medicine is not used

  1. in the formation of insulin for diabetic patients

  2. in the formation of factor VIII for males in the treatment of Anaemia

  3. in the formation of factor IX for males and females in the treatment of haemophilia B

  4. in the formation of Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

  5. in the formation of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Recombinant DNA technology is used in the formation of factor VIII for males suffering from haemophilia A. Erythropoietin (EPO) is formed by using rDNA technology for treating Anaemia.

Multiple choice

Which of the following terminologies is not correctly defined?

  1. Autoantigens: Representation of an individual’s own proteins together with other chemicals, which evidently elicit adequate immune responses.

  2. Alleles: Two or more alternative forms of a gene.

  3. Amniocentesis: pairing of complementary DNA or RNA sequences, via hydrogen bonding to form a double-stranded polynucleotide.

  4. Bt crop: Crops that contain genes for Bt toxin.

  5. Imprinting: Suppression or silencing of genes depending on the parent from which they are received.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a small amount of amniotic fluid (the fluid surrounding a baby in the womb) is drawn out using a needle and syringe. Because amniotic fluid contains cells from the baby, it can be used to test for chromosomal and genetic disorders, as well as certain birth defects. The pairing of complementary DNA or RNA sequences, via hydrogen bonding to form a double-stranded polynucleotide is called as anneal.

Multiple choice

A genetically engineered form of brinjal (known as Bt-brinjal) has been developed. Its objective is to

  1. make it pest-resistant

  2. improve its taste and nutritive qualities

  3. make it drought-reistant

  4. make its shelf-life longer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Bt-brinjal is a suite of transgenic brinjals (also known as an eggplant or aubergine) created by inserting a crystal gene (Cry1Ac) from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis into the genome of various brinjal cultivars. The Bt-brinjal has been developed to give resistance against lepidopteron insects.

Multiple choice

Who developed hybridoma technology?

A hybridoma is a hybrid cell obtained by fusing a B-lymphocyte with usually a tumour cell of the antibody forming system or of B-lymphocyte.The hybrid cells thus produced posses the ability to produce antibodies due to the B-lymphocyte genoome and the capacity for  indefinite growth in vitro due to the tumour (myeloma) cell involved in the fusion.Therefore, specific hybridomas are either cultured in vitro or passaged through mouse peritoneal cavity to obtain monoclonal antibodies.This is called hybridoma technology.

  1. Daniel Nathans and Kathleen Danna

  2. Werner Arber and Matthew Meselson

  3. Issacs and Lindmann

  4. Hamilton O. Smith and Thomas Kelly

  5. G.Kohler and C. Milstein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

They developed hybridoma technology.

Multiple choice

What is the best way to rephrase the following sentence?

Genes can be introduced into a cell by firing them at high speeds coated onto gold microparticles.

  1. Genes, coated onto gold microparticles, can be introduced into a cell by firing them at high speeds.

  2. Genes, coated with gold microparticles, can be introduced into a cell by firing them at high speeds.

  3. By firing them at high speeds, genes can be introduced into a cell coated with gold microparticles.

  4. No improvement needed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

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Multiple choice

A scientist wants to develop a new paddy variety through genetic engineering. This variety has the capacity to withstand cold temperature.

How can the scientist develop this variety?

  1. Increasing the length of fatty acid chain

  2. Eliminate all steroids

  3. Increase frequency of unsaturated fatty acid

  4. Decrease frequency of unsaturated fatty acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Increasing unsaturated fatty acid causes membrane motility/fluidity of cells. As a result, the cells will not freeze even in very cold temperature.

Multiple choice

A scientist wants to develop a new paddy variety through genetic engineering. This variety has the capacity to withstand cold temperature.

What should the scientist do to make that the same plant withstand warm temperature?

  1. Increase the length of fatty acid chain

  2. Eliminate all the steroids

  3. Increase the frequency of unsaturated fatty acid

  4. Cannot be determined
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The exact increasing temperature is not stated here. As paddy is mostly cultured in equator region, so it can be said that paddy can easily withstand increasing as well as warm temperature. If the particular increasing range is not stated, the fate experimental plan cannot be determined.