Biology · General Awareness

Viral Diseases and Immunity

776 Questions

Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.

HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods

Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice commercial studies biotechnology: general introduction introduction to genetic engineering and production of insulin use of efficient and eco-friendly technology genetics of the future

To confirm ELISA for AIDS which technique was used?

  1. Western blotting

  2. Northern blotting

  3. Southern blotting

  4. Eastern blotting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Western blot is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract.
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
AIDS- Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

Multiple choice zoology our health introduction to health and disease health and its failure health and its significance

Mark the correct statement

  1. Approximately $90$% to $95$% of infections cause no symptoms

  2. Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected feces entering the mouth

  3. The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by Michael Underwood

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Approximately 90 to 95% of infections cause no symptoms. Another 5 to 10% of people have minor symptoms such as: fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea, neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs.
Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected feces entering the mouth.it may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice bio-chemistry diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

A person who has been infected with a virus in the past can be determined by the presence of

  1. Antigens

  2. Antibodies

  3. Macrophages

  4. Pathogens

  5. Natural killer cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The encounter of B cell with a specific antigen activates its clonal expansion which in turn gives rise to plasma cell and memory cells.  Memory cells are the B cells (antibodies) responsible for long-term immunity and confirm the previous encounter of a person with the specific virus. Antigens are foreign substances that induce the immune system to produce antibodies. Disease-causing organisms are called as pathogens. Natural killer cells and macrophages are components of immune system. So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

Which of the following spreads through blood transfusion?

  1. Hepatitis

  2. Measles

  3. AIDS

  4. Polio

  5. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation
Hepatitis is an inflammation of liver which is mainly caused by hepatitis virus. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C are commonly spread through infected blood. It may also pass from mother to foetus through placenta during pregnancy.
AIDS is caused by HIV virus and weakens the immune system. It spreads through blood transfusions and sexual contact.
Measles is caused by rubeola virus. It  is a viral infection of the respiratory system. It mainly spreads by coming in contact with mucus and saliva of infected person while coughing or sneezing.
Polio is caused by polio virus which affects central nervous system and causes paralysis of muscles. It spread by food or water containing human feces.
So, the correct answer is option E.
Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

Influenza, chicken pox, measles are spread by

  1. Vectors

  2. Viruses

  3. Skin-to-skin contact

  4. Droplet infection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (commonly known as chickenpox), influenza are the chronic diseases of a virus. 
  • These can be prevented from spreading by using vaccines. This vaccine works by prior exposure of a small dose of the virus or a protein from the virus, which activates the immune response.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs - i infectious diseases and how to prevent them energy and health infectious diseases - transmission and prevention credit communicable diseases pathogen and their mode of transmission

Infectious agents are also known as _________

  1. Pathogens

  2. Transmitters

  3. Carriers

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pathogen is the term used to describe an infectious agent that causes disease in the host. Therefore, (a) is the correct answer.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nucleic acids central dogma transcription and gene expression molecular biology

The detection of reverse transcriptase activity in a culture infected with a virion suggests the presence of 

  1. The presence of a double-stranded DNA virus

  2. The presence of a single-stranded DNA virus

  3. The presence of a double-stranded RNA virus

  4. The presence of a single-stranded RNA virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Retroviruses operate a central dogma reverse. RNA of these viruses first synthesis DNA through reverse transcriptase or RNA dependent DNA polymerase. This DNA synthesised on RNA template is called c-DNA or retroposons.

RNA------> c-DNA--------> RNA----> Protein

So, the correct option is 'The presence of a single-stranded RNA virus'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nucleic acids central dogma transcription and gene expression molecular biology

Reverse transcriptase occurs in virus

  1. HIV

  2. Influenza virus

  3. Vaccinia virus

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a retrovirus with a viral envelope, matrix proteins and core. The viral core consists of two single strands of RNA. Retroviruses containing RNA genome have reverse transcriptase enzyme that synthesizes a DNA copy (cDNA) of viral RNA. This cDNA can be introduced in the hosts' genome and allowed to replicate to form viral proteins. Influenza and vaccinia viruses are not retroviruses.

Thus, the correct answer is option 'HIV'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry nucleic acids central dogma transcription and gene expression molecular biology

Enzyme responsible for replication of HIV in macrophages is 

  1. RNA polymerase

  2. DNA ligase

  3. DNA polymerase

  4. Reverse transcriptase
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Once inside a CD$ _4$ cell ( helper T cell ), HIV releases and uses reverse transcriptase  to convert its genetic material—HIV RNA—into HIV DNA. The conversion of HIV RNA to HIV DNA allows HIV to enter the CD$ _4$ cell nucleus and combine with the cell’s genetic material—cell DNA.

So, the correct answer is 'Reverse transcriptase'

Multiple choice zoology immune system active and passive immunity immunity related disorders and problems diseases and immunity

Graft versus host disease mostly occurs after 

  1. Xenograft transplant.

  2. Allogenic transplant.

  3. Isograft transplant.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurs when immunocompetent cells from a donor graft recognize the recipient's tissues as foreign. This is most common in allogenic transplants where the donor and recipient are not genetically identical.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Body cells infected by viruses are destroyed mostly by 

  1. IgA

  2. Phagocytes

  3. Natural antibodies

  4. Natural Killer cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Immunity to viral infection is caused by a variety of specific and nonspecific mechanisms. 
  • The activation of different immune functions and the duration and magnitude of the immune response depending on how the virus interacts with host cells. 
  •  Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and antiviral macrophages can recognize and kill virus-infected cells.
  •  Hence, Body cells infected by viruses are destroyed mostly by Natural Killer cells.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Natural Killer cells'.
Multiple choice biology for the continuity of generation fertilization in human being fertilization in humans human fertilization

Sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented by using condoms.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Condoms are the barrier method of birth control. Use of condoms block the sperm from entering the uterus. 
  • Sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented by using condoms as they make a physiological barrier between two individuals and prevents the entry of sperm into the female body. 
  • Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Variolation consisted of

  1. Injecting viriolous matter

  2. Injecting heat-killed viriolous matter

  3. Scratching an area over a vein and pour small matter from a small pox pustule

  4. Scratching vein and pouring viriolous matter into blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Variolation was an early method of immunization against smallpox where material from a smallpox pustule was introduced into the body, typically through a scratch on the skin.

Multiple choice zoology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Arrange the steps of ADA-deficiency treatment in sequence: 
I. The lymphocytes with ADA cDNA is returned to the patient
II. The lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in culture outside the body 
III. A functional ADA cDNA (using retroviral vector) is introduced into the lymphocytes 

  1. $I\rightarrow III\rightarrow II$
  2. $I\rightarrow II\rightarrow III$
  3. $II\rightarrow I\rightarrow III$
  4. $III\rightarrow II\rightarrow I$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adenosine deaminase deficiency or ADA deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes immunodeficiency. Gene therapy is a method to treat this. A functional ADA complementary DNA is inserted to the lymphocytes and then grown in an artificial culture. After the growth ADA cDNA is returned to the patient. 


So, the correct answer is 'III→II→I'.