Biology · General Awareness

Viral Diseases and Immunity

807 Questions

Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.

HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods

Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following cells does HIV infect?

  1. Th cells

  2. B-cells

  3. Tc cells

  4. Phagocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

HIV specifically targets and infects helper T cells (Th cells, or CD4+ T cells) by binding to the CD4 receptor on their surface. This targeted destruction leads to the progressive failure of the immune system.

Multiple choice

Inactive complete virus is

  1. Virion

  2. Virus

  3. Viroid

  4. Prion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A virion is the complete, infective form of a virus outside a host cell, consisting of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat.

Multiple choice

Viroids are

  1. Free Infectious RNA

  2. Without Protein Coat

  3. Caused Potato spindle tuber disease

  4. All
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that lack a protein coat and are known to cause diseases in plants, such as the potato spindle tuber disease.

Multiple choice

What happens when a virus replicates?

  1. It produces medicine

  2. It eats bacteria

  3. It uses a photocopy machine

  4. It makes a copy of itself
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Viral replication is the process by which a virus enters a host cell and uses the host's cellular machinery to produce copies of its own genetic material and proteins.

Multiple choice

Aids is caused by

  1. Viruses

  2. Protoza

  3. Fungi

  4. Bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). It is a viral infection that attacks the immune system.

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

Choose the correct answer among the alternatives given :


The sexually transmitted disease, that can affect both the male and the female genitals and may damage the eyes of babies born of infected mothers is

  1. AIDS

  2. Syphilis

  3. Gonorrhoea

  4. Hepatitis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Gonorrhea is caused by a Diplococcus bacterium. The victim feels a burning sensation during urination. The incubation period is around 25 days. 


The disease affects the inner membrane of the urinogenital tract and spreads by sexual contact. The infection we spread to other parts of the body and causes arthritis and female sterility. 
The children born to affected mothers often suffer from my eye infection. It is also easily curable.
So, the correct option is 'Gonorrhoea'.

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to AIDS?

  1. Drug addicts are least susceptible to HIV infection
  2. AIDS patients are being fully cured $100\%$ with proper care and nutrition

  3. The causative HIV retrovirus reduces the number of T-helper lymphocytes

  4. HIV can be transmitted through eating food together with an infected person
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

 HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects components of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cell. It, directly and indirectly, destroys CD4+ T cells.

So, the correct option is 'The causative HIV retrovirus reduces the number of T-helper lymphocytes'.

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

The most mutable virus is

  1. Chicken Pox Virus
  2. $HIV$

  3. Influenza Virus

  4. Dengue Virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Each generation of HIV (from each infected human cell) contains some percentage of variations, or mutations, from the parent virus, and HIV has much more than its proper share of such variations." In fact, it is the most mutable virus known." Until the discovery of this virus, it was commonly said that the influenza virus was the most mutable virus known because each generation changed its coat to some degree. HIV is highly mutable. Because of the virus' ability to rapidly respond to selective pressures imposed by the immune system, the population of the virus in an infected individual typically evolves so that it can evade the two major arms of the adaptive immune system; humoral (antibody mediated) and cellular (mediated by T cells) immunity.

So, the correct answer is 'HIV'.

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

AIDS does not spread through

  1. Common syringes and needles

  2. Blood transfusion

  3. Sexual contact

  4. Sharing meals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • HIV is spread only in certain body fluids from a person who has HIV. These fluids are blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. In the United States, HIV is spread mainly by having sex or sharing injection drug equipment, such as needles, with someone who has HIV.
  • HIV doesn't spread by hugging, shaking hands, sharing toilets, sharing dishes, or closed-mouth or “social” kissing with someone who is HIV-positive.

So, the correct answer is 'Sharing meals'.

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

Which of the below given statements are true?

  1. A person can contract AIDS due to unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person.

  2. A person can contract AIDS while getting permanent tattooing with an infected needle.

  3. A person cannot contract AIDS by donating blood to a HIV infected person

  4. All the statements are true.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

AIDS is a disorder of cell-mediated immune system of the body. AIDS is transmitted only by a contact of infected cells containing the blood of a patient with the blood of a healthy person as in :

1. Unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner if there is tissue injury to permit blood contact.
2. Use of contaminated needles and syringes to inject drugs and vaccines.
3. Use of contaminated razors for shaving.
4. Use of contaminated needles for boring pina or tattooing.
5. Transfusion of infected blood. 
6. Artificial insemination.
7. Parturition from mother to baby due to rupturing of blood vessels.
AIDS is not a contagious disease. It does not spread by casual contact such as a handshake, working together, sharing meals, clothes. It is also not spread by coughing or sneezing. Even the blood donation to an infected person will not contract the disease as blood from a healthy person is going to the body of the diseased person and there is no entry of infected blood into the healthy person.
Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

Read the following statements regarding the HIV virus.
A. It is a type of retrovirus which has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome
B. It multiplies in helper $T$ cells and produces progeny virus.
C. In the macrophages of the host, RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA
D. Reverse transcriptase becomes inactive in the host cell.
How many of the above statements are correct?

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Four

  4. Three
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

HIV is an enveloped retrovirus. Each virus particle contains two copies of an RNA genome. Hence HIV is a type of retrovirus which has an envelope enclosing the diploid RNA genome.

HIV infects white blood cells in the body’s immune system called T-helper cells. The virus attaches itself to the T-helper cell, takes control of its DNA, replicates itself and releases more HIV into the blood and produces progeny virus.
Without reverse transcriptase, the viral genome couldn't become incorporated into the host cell, and couldn't reproduce.
So, the correct option is 'Two'.

Multiple choice zoology infectious diseases cancer and aids hiv and aids immunity related disorders and problems

Which of the following is correct regarding AIDS causative HIV?

  1. HIV does not escape but attacks the acquired immune response

  2. HIV is enveloped virus containing one molecule of single stranded RNA and one molecule of reverse transcriptase

  3. HIV is envelope virus that contains two identical molecules of single stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase

  4. HIV is unenveloped retrovirus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer