Biology · General Awareness

Viral Diseases and Immunity

807 Questions

Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.

HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods

Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice zoology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Arrange the steps of ADA-deficiency treatment in sequence: 
I. The lymphocytes with ADA cDNA is returned to the patient
II. The lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in culture outside the body 
III. A functional ADA cDNA (using retroviral vector) is introduced into the lymphocytes 

  1. $I\rightarrow III\rightarrow II$
  2. $I\rightarrow II\rightarrow III$
  3. $II\rightarrow I\rightarrow III$
  4. $III\rightarrow II\rightarrow I$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Adenosine deaminase deficiency or ADA deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes immunodeficiency. Gene therapy is a method to treat this. A functional ADA complementary DNA is inserted to the lymphocytes and then grown in an artificial culture. After the growth ADA cDNA is returned to the patient. 


So, the correct answer is 'III→II→I'.

Multiple choice zoology living and non living characteristics of life attributes of living organisms signs of life biology : an introduction living world and classification

All of the living phenomena is absent in virus except

  1. Mutation

  2. Replication

  3. Respiration

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The genetic material in the living organisms has the ability to replicate and form more copies during the process of cellular division. This property of replication is shown by all the living organisms. The viruses are the non-living obligate parasites. They cannot perform any life functions like replication, respiration, digestion, reproduction, etc. 

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

A doctor while operating on an HIV(+)ve patient accidentally cuts himself with a scalpel. Suspecting himself to have contracted the virus which test will he take to rule out/confirm his suspicion?

  1. PCR

  2. Routine urine examination

  3. TLC

  4. DLC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Very low count of bacteria or viruses (when the symptoms of the disease are not yet visible) can be detected by multiplication of their nucleic acid by PCR, (PCR can detect very low amounts of DNA). PCR is usually used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

X technique is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDs patients. It is being used to detect mutations in genes in suspected cancer patients too. It is a powerful technique to identify many other genetic disorders. Identify X-

  1. X=PCR

  2. X=DNA fingerprinting

  3. X-Bioinformatic

  4. X-X-ray defreaction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The development of molecular techniques that access viral load and the development of genotypic resistance have revolutionized the treatment of HIV disease. Commercially available viral load assays use a number of different approaches from reverse transcriptase PCR to amplification of branched chain DNA. New real-time PCR assays are under development, including LightCycler- and TaqMan-based tests. So, the correct answer is option A. ( X=PCR ).

Multiple choice bio-chemistry applications of biotechnology pcr cutting, insertion and ligation of dna gene cloning procedure biotechnological regulations asexual modes of reproduction

Which of the following can't be achieved using PCR ?

  1. Detect HIV in AIDS suspect

  2. detect mutations in cancer patients

  3. Detect antigen - antibody interaction

  4. Detect specific micro organism from soil
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

PCR detects genetic material (DNA/RNA). Antigen-antibody interactions are detected using techniques like ELISA, not PCR.

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

A severe form of jaundice is caused by

  1. Hepatitis C

  2. HIV

  3. Hepatitis A

  4. Hepatitis B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The most common skin manifestation associated with “hepatitis” is the yellowing of the skin (jaundice) and the sclera, or white part of the eye. Jaundice may be associated with a newly acquired or acute hepatitis B infection.


So, the correct option is 'Hepatitis B'.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - friend and foe useful and harmful bacteria bacteria; benefits and harmful effects

Find out the correct match

  1. AIDS - Bacillus anthracis

  2. Syphilis - Treponema pallidum

  3. Gonorrhoea - Leishmania donovanii

  4. Urethritis - Entamoeba gingivalis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

AIDS (Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome) is a sexually transmitted disease. It is caused by HIV virus. Syphilis is a serious disease caused by spirochete Treponema pallidum. It is also a sexually transmitted disease. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. It is caused by bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Syphilis - Treponema pallidum.'

Multiple choice biology micro organisms non cellular organism : virus world of virus bacteria - introduction, shape and structure

Which one of the following statements about viruses is correct?

  1. Viruses possess their own metabolic system.

  2. All viruses contain both RNA and DNA.

  3. Viruses are obligate parasites.

  4. Nucleic acid of viruses is known as capsid.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A virus is a small infectious agent, that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. All viruses are obligate parasites; i.e., they lack metabolic machinery of their own to generate energy or to synthesize proteins, so they depend on host cells to carry out these vital functions. Thus, option C is correct.
Viruses do not possess their own metabolic system. So, depends on host machinery. Thus, option A is wrong.
All viruses contains either DNA or RNA as genetic material but, not both. Thus, option B is wrong.
The protein coat of virus is called as capsid. Thus, option D is wrong.

Multiple choice biology micro organisms non cellular organism : virus world of virus bacteria - introduction, shape and structure

A virus can be considered living being as it

  1. Reproduces inside the host

  2. Respires

  3. Can cause disease

  4. Responds to touch stimuli
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • A virus is an organism that can be considered both living and non-living. 
  • It can be considered as living when it is inside any host (bacterium) as the virus infects the host cell and replicates inside it making several copies of it. 
  • When it is outside the host cell, it is non- living as it can not carry out its life- processes of either reproducing or digestion etc.
  • Thus, option A is correct here.
Multiple choice biology micro organisms non cellular organism : virus world of virus bacteria - introduction, shape and structure

Viruses are living because

  1. They can reproduce.

  2. They have protein synthesising machinery.

  3. They have some genes.

  4. They are parasites.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Reproducing is one of the characteristics of the living organisms. Viruses definitely multiply. Viruses must use host cells to create more virions. Since viruses don’t have organelles, nuclei or even ribosomes, they don’t have the tools they need to copy their genes and create whole new virions. Instead, viruses enter living cells and then hijack the host’s cellular equipment to copy viral genetic information, build new capsids and assemble everything together. So, the correct answer is 'They can reproduce'.

Multiple choice biology micro organisms non cellular organism : virus world of virus bacteria - introduction, shape and structure

All are oncogenic virus except?

  1. Influenza virus

  2. Hep. B virus

  3. HIV

  4. V. Zoster
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Oncogenic viruses are those that are suspected of causing cancer in human beings and some other animals. They all have DNA as their genetic material. For example, human papillomaviruses, the Epstein-Barr virus, and the hepatitis B virus, the HIV, and influenza virus. The V. Zoster virus is not an oncogenic virus.

So, the correct answer is 'V. Zoster'.
Multiple choice

What type of virus can change its form to avoid detection?

  1. Polymorphic

  2. Companion

  3. Macro

  4. Worm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Polymorphic viruses use a mutation engine to change their own code or signature each time they replicate, which helps them evade detection by signature-based antivirus software. The other options refer to different types of viruses or malware that do not inherently possess this specific evasion mechanism.

Multiple choice

In what era was HIV identified as an illness

  1. 18th-19th century

  2. 20th century

  3. 16th-17th century

  4. 15-16th century
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first clinically identified and recognized as the cause of AIDS in the early 1980s, which belongs to the 20th century.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a consequence of the infection of Th cells by HIV?

  1. Increase in production of antibodies

  2. Susceptability to opportunistic infections

  3. Immunity agains opportunistic infections

  4. Increase in production of B-cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

HIV infects and destroys helper T cells (Th cells), which play a central role in coordinating the immune response. The loss of these cells severely weakens the immune system, making the body highly susceptible to opportunistic infections that a healthy immune system would easily fight off.