Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Adjuvant used in DPT vaccine is __________.

  1. zinc

  2. manganese

  3. aluminium

  4. copper
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Adjuvants are the substances added to vaccines to improve their humoral antibody response. In DPT vaccine, aluminium phosphate and aluminium are used as adjuvants.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is an inactivated vaccine?

  1. Yellow fever vaccine

  2. Mumps vaccine

  3. BCG

  4. Rabies vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antirabies vaccine – They are of two types: neural vaccines and nonneural vaccines. Semple vaccine is most widely used vaccine and it consists of 5% suspension of sheep brain infected with fixed virus and which is inactivated by phenol. BPL vaccine is a modification of semple vaccine in which B-propiolactone is used as an inactivating agent.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are correct about congenital diseases?

a. They are caused by deficiency of nutrients. b. They are characterized by a condition existing at or before birth, regardless of the cause. c. They can be vaccinated against by providing active acquired immunity.

  1. a and c

  2. b and c

  3. a only

  4. b only

  5. c only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer as congenital diseases are characterized by a condition existing at or before birth, regardless of cause.

Multiple choice

Which of the following do/does not characterise active immunity?

  1. Immunity achieved by injecting antigens

  2. Activation of immune system

  3. Immunity achieved by injecting Ab or Ig reactive T-cells

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity is stimulated by exposure to pathogens but Ab and Ig mediated immune response is passive as it is not directly implemented by pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not an advantage of edible vaccine?

  1. Therapeutic proteins are free of pathogens and toxins.

  2. Consistency of dosage form.

  3. Heat stable, eliminating the need for refrigeration.

  4. Seroconversion in the presence of maternal antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Edible vaccines face challenges with dosage consistency due to variable plant growth conditions, expression levels, and fruit/vegetable size. The other options are actual advantages: therapeutic proteins are pathogen-free, plant tissues are heat-stable (no cold chain needed), and oral vaccines can work despite maternal antibodies (mucosal immunity).

Multiple choice

BCG is used for protection against which of the following diseases?

  1. Rabies

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Hepatitis B

  4. Influenza

  5. Pertussis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) was developed by Calmette and Guérin by chance in 1908 at the Institute Pasteur in Lille. They added bile to the culture medium in an attempt to achieve dispersed growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but it became attenuated and successfully protected vaccinated children against tuberculosis. 

Multiple choice

Which of the following is a distinguished feature of a Salmonella-based vaccine manifesting antigens from other infectious agents?

  1. Immunity is limited to the gut.

  2. Only secretory IgA is elicited.

  3. It does not invade the mucosal lining of the gut.

  4. It provokes both oral and systemic immunity.

  5. The organism does not need to be attenuated.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Salmonella infects cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system throughout the body and thereby, stimulates the production of cell-mediated immunity in addition to both secretory and systemic antibody production.