Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

IgG antibodies are very important in fighting bacterial and viral infections. Which among the following statements regarding IgG antibodies is incorrect?

  1. They appear early in the primary immune response.

  2. They neutralise bacterial toxins.

  3. They can fix complement.

  4. They cross the human placenta.

  5. They protect body surfaces that are exposed to foreign substances.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

IgM is the class which appears early following the first encounter with a specific antigen.

Multiple choice

In which of the following conditions will red cross not work? (i) To collect and supply information about epidemic diseases. (ii) To look after maternal and child welfare centres. (iii) To extend all possible first aid in any accident. (iv) To supply information on latest development of vaccines.

  1. Both (i) and (ii)

  2. Both (ii) and (iii)

  3. Both (iii) and (iv)

  4. Both (i) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The main function of Red cross society is to perform activities works in peace time as well as at the time of war.

Multiple choice

The oral poliomyelitis vaccine is a/an

  1. live attenuated vaccine

  2. inactivated vaccine

  3. subunit vaccine

  4. recombinant vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The oral poliomyelitis vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine.

Multiple choice

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is caused by

  1. type 1 mutant strain

  2. type 2 mutant strain

  3. type 3 virulent strain

  4. type 2 wild strain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is caused by type 3 virulent strain. Occasionally, the mutant strains revert to virulent strain and cause polio.

Multiple choice

Directions: The last sentence in the following passages has been deleted. Select the sentence, out of the available options, that best suits the end of the passage. While the lethal H5N1 virus has been marching from one country to another, infecting birds and, in some cases, humans, one fact is becoming apparent - as long as the virus persists in birds, be it poultry or wild birds, avian flu outbreaks are bound to recur.

  1. Preventive measures may actually have helped spread of the virus.

  2. The virus has developed resistance.

  3. A study highlights the ability of ducks to spread more of the virus and for a longer duration without actually falling sick.

  4. Only the time interval between the outbreaks cannot be determined for sure.

  5. Mass vaccination without other stringent control measures may not be the best strategy.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

None, except (4), continues with the flow.

Multiple choice

The product commercially produced by animal cell culture is

  1. insulin

  2. tissue plasminogen activator

  3. interferon

  4. hepatitis B vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, option B) is a major commercial product from animal cell culture, specifically produced in CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells for treating thrombosis and myocardial infarction. While insulin (A) was historically produced in animal pancreas, modern recombinant insulin is produced in E. coli or yeast, not animal cell culture. Interferon (C) and hepatitis B vaccine (D) can be produced in various systems including yeast, bacterial, or mammalian cells, but tPA is the classic example of a large-scale animal cell culture product requiring proper post-translational modification.

Multiple choice

Directions: Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best converts the given sentence into passive or active voice.

Rabies can be prevented by a few injections.

  1. A few injections can prevent rabies.

  2. A few injections could prevent rabies.

  3. Few injections can prevent rabies.

  4. A few injections can be prevented by rabies.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

While changing the voice, we interchange the respective places of the subject and the object. In passive voice, we always use the third form of the verb with the helping verb. While converting into active voice, we see the tense used in the passive voice. 'Can be' becomes 'can' in the active voice. 'A few' should remain in the same form.

Multiple choice

After vaccination, the body builds

  1. antibodies

  2. lymph

  3. plasma

  4. toxins

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccination works by introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen (or its components) to stimulate the immune system. This triggers the production of specific antibodies that recognize and neutralize the actual pathogen upon future exposure, providing immunity. Option B (lymph) is a fluid, Option C (plasma) is the liquid part of blood, and Option D (toxins) are harmful substances produced by pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases is cured by BPL vaccine?

  1. Rabies

  2. Malaria

  3. Sore throat

  4. Tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

BPL (Beta-Propiolactone) is an inactivating agent historically used to produce rabies vaccines. In older medical literature, 'BPL vaccine' referred specifically to rabies vaccines prepared using BPL inactivation. Malaria (B) is treated with antimalarial drugs, not vaccines; sore throat (C) is usually bacterial/viral infection; TB (D) uses BCG vaccine, not BPL.

Multiple choice

Triple vaccine is administered to a new born child to immunise it against

  1. whooping cough, tetanus and measles

  2. whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria

  3. tetanus, diphtheria and small pox

  4. small pox, cholera and polio
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) or triple vaccine protects against these three bacterial diseases. Pertussis is whooping cough. Measles, smallpox, cholera, and polio are not components of this triple vaccine.