Biology ยท General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Scientists have found that mole rats, having been exposed to high levels of cancer causing gamma radiation, and thus having lowered immunity levels, nevertheless produce antibodies at similar levels, and as readily as unexposed mole rats do.

  1. thus having lowered immunity levels, nevertheless produce antibodies at similar levels, and as readily as unexposed mole rats do

  2. having thus lowered immunity levels, should produce similar levels of antibodies as, and as readily as unexposed mole rats do

  3. thus never have similar immunity levels to unexposed mole rats, still produce similar levels of antibodies as them and equally readily too

  4. thus having lowered immunity levels, nevertheless produce similar levels of antibodies, and as readily that unexposed mole rats do

  5. thereby have lowered immunity levels, nonetheless manage to produce similar antibodies, and just as readily as unexposed mole rats do
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Correct. The sentence contains no error.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases has been completely eradicated from the world?

  1. Tetanus

  2. Small pox

  3. Rabies

  4. Polio
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Smallpox is the only human disease to have been completely eradicated from the world through a successful global vaccination campaign led by WHO, with the last natural case occurring in 1977. Tetanus remains a threat through soil contamination, rabies still exists in animal populations, and polio continues to circulate in a few countries.

Multiple choice

When a microbe enters our body for the second time, the immune system acts and eliminates it quicker than the first time. This is known as the principle of _________.

  1. immunization

  2. infection

  3. prevention

  4. disease spread
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This describes the principle of immunization, where memory immune cells recognize pathogens from previous exposure and mount a stronger, faster response. Infection refers to the initial invasion, prevention is stopping disease before it occurs, and disease spread refers to transmission between people.

Multiple choice

The public health programme of childhood immunization for preventing infectious diseases include administration of ___________.

  1. medicines

  2. narcotics

  3. antibiotics

  4. vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Childhood immunization programs administer vaccines, which contain weakened or inactivated pathogens to stimulate protective immune responses without causing disease. Medicines treat existing conditions, narcotics are controlled substances, and antibiotics kill bacteria but do not prevent viral infections.

Multiple choice

Infectious agents do not spread through _________.

  1. vectors

  2. physical contact

  3. air

  4. vaccines

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines contain weakened or killed pathogens (or their parts) to stimulate immunity without causing disease. They are preventive tools that stop infections rather than spread them. The other options (vectors, contact, air) are all valid transmission routes for infectious agents.

Multiple choice

Infectious diseases can be prevented by using _________.

  1. immunization

  2. medicines

  3. tonics

  4. pure water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunization (vaccination) introduces weakened or killed pathogens to stimulate immune memory, preventing future infections. Medicines treat active diseases, tonics are general health supplements, and while pure water prevents some water-borne diseases, immunization is the specific medical prevention method listed.

Multiple choice

What do the vaccines help in?

  1. The treatment of infectious diseases

  2. The treatment of non- infectious diseases

  3. The prevention of microbial diseases

  4. Both (1) and (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines work by priming the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens before actual infection occurs. They are preventive tools, not treatments for diseases that have already developed.

Multiple choice

Triple vaccine is administered to a new-born child to immunize it against:

  1. whooping cough, tetanus and measles

  2. whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria

  3. tetanus, diphtheria, measles and rubella

  4. tetanus, diphtheria, small pox and rubella
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus) or 'triple vaccine' protects against these three serious bacterial diseases. Whooping cough is the common name for pertussis. Measles, rubella, and smallpox are covered by different vaccines (MMR, measles, smallpox).

Multiple choice

The administration of vaccines is also associated with certain hazards. Which of the following is least likely to affect unsympathetically an immunocompromised host?

  1. Measles vaccine

  2. Pneumococcal vaccine

  3. Bacille Calmette Guaaerin

  4. Mumps vaccine

  5. Sabin poliomyelitis vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The pneumococcal vaccine encompasses capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae, and represents a non-viable vaccine, which cannot lead to infection.

Multiple choice

Clinical trials for vaccines contain _________ phase/s.

  1. one

  2. two

  3. three

  4. four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccine clinical trials follow the standard three-phase system: Phase I tests safety and immunogenicity in small groups, Phase II assesses immune response and safety in larger groups, and Phase III confirms efficacy in thousands of subjects. Some vaccines may have Phase IV for post-marketing surveillance.