Vaccination and Immunity

Prophylaxis refers to preventive measures taken to prevent disease, such as vaccines, antibiotics before surgery, or other preventive treatments. The word comes from Greek 'prophylaktikos' meaning 'guarding or preventing beforehand'. Keeping microorganisms out of food is food safety, boosters are part of prophylaxis but not its definition, and diet control is a therapeutic measure.

Vaccination requires double 'c' followed by single 'i' and the standard '-tion' ending. From 'vaccine', add '-ation' while preserving the double 'c'. Option B misses a 'c', option C incorrectly adds an extra 'i', and option D makes both errors. This is a crucial medical term.

The immune system protects the body against antigens, which are foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, or toxins that trigger an immune response. Allergies are hypersensitive immune reactions to harmless substances, isotopes are variants of chemical elements unrelated to immunity, and antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to fight antigens (not what the system protects against).

Progesterone is a steroid hormone, not a vaccine. Vaccines like polio vaccine, BCG (for tuberculosis), and anti-rabies vaccine are biological preparations that provide immunity. Progesterone is a female sex hormone involved in menstrual cycle and pregnancy.

AIDS (caused by HIV), mumps, and poliomyelitis are all viral diseases. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), mumps by the mumps virus, and polio by poliovirus. This distinguishes them from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic diseases. While option D has some truth for AIDS (blood transmission can spread HIV), it doesn't apply to mumps or polio, making option C the unifying characteristic.

Antibiotics typically require a deferral period of 7-14 days after the last dose to ensure the infection is fully resolved and the medication is cleared from the system. Other options listed - blood pressure meds, Hepatitis B vaccine, and birth control pills - do not require deferral.

Victims are inoculated by medical professionals, so the passive voice "unless they are inoculated" is needed. "They" clearly refers to rabies victims.

This question tests proper pronoun usage and clarity. The sentence says 'rabies almost always kills its victims unless inoculated in the earliest stages.' The question is: who or what needs to be inoculated? The victims, not the disease. Option B correctly clarifies 'its victims unless they are inoculated' - the pronoun 'they' clearly refers to 'victims'. Option A 'unless inoculated' is a dangling modifier - unclear who is inoculated. Option C 'unless inoculation is done' is awkward and passive. Option D 'unless there is an inoculation' is vague and doesn't specify who receives it.

By observation of the table, we can say S.

Option 2 files the sentense, as they built up immunities which helped humans create serums from their blood.

The first malaria vaccine to be approved was RTS,S (brand name Mosquirix), which was a recombinant vaccine engineered to express P. falciparum proteins capable of stimulating antibody production against the parasite.

The principle of vaccination is based on the property of memory of the immune system as it gives an exposure for the first time so that it can act actively when the body is attacked for the second time by the same pathogen. So, it is memory.