Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Synthetic vaccines belong to the

  1. first generation

  2. second generation

  3. third generation

  4. fourth generation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccine generations: 1st (live-attenuated/whole-cell), 2nd (subunit/purified antigen), 3rd (synthetic/recombinant DNA), and 4th (mRNA/viral vector). Synthetic vaccines like recombinant or peptide vaccines are third-generation, using molecular biology techniques rather than whole pathogens.

Multiple choice

Triple Antigen vaccine is given to children to protect them against

  1. polio

  2. contagious diseases

  3. whooping cough

  4. tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Triple Antigen (DPT) vaccine protects against Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus. Option C correctly identifies whooping cough (pertussis). Polio, TB, and general contagious diseases protection come from different vaccines (OPV, BCG, etc.)

Multiple choice

What is toxoid?

Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibre and caused by bacterium Clostridium tetani. Toxoid is used in order to prevent neonatal tetanus.

  1. Live but attenuated vaccine

  2. Inactivate or killed vaccine

  3. Purified antigen vaccine

  4. DNA vaccine

  5. Recombinant vector vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Purified antigen vaccine. Toxoid is one type purified antigen vaccine and composed of molecules purified directly from the pathogen. Chemically modified exotoxin retaining antigenicity without toxicity is known as toxoid.

Multiple choice

Which of the following treatment procedure is used to administer toxoid?

Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibre and caused by bacterium Clostridium tetani. Toxoid is used in order to prevent neonatal tetanus.

  1. Treatment of the infant with toxoid immediately after birth.

  2. Immunize the mother with toxoid before pregnancy.

  3. Immunize the mother with toxoid late in pregnancy.

  4. Treatment of the infant with toxoid after the onset of condition.

  5. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Immunize the mother with toxoid late in pregnancy. The Tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine is given to mother as well as neonates. Ab s formed in mother’s body after vaccination, are passed on to neonate who have acquired passive immunity.

Multiple choice

As the C.M.O. you are responsible for the success of the pulse polio drive in the city. One community is extremely reluctant to get their children immunized fearing complications later in life. You are under tremendous pressure to include the children from that community in your drive. Course of actions

  1. Appeal to the elders of the community to exhort people to participate.
  2. Arrange to have street plays highlighting the benefits of immunization and appeals by prominent personalities of the city quoting their own healthy experience with the immunization.
  3. Show numbers and data from immunizations across the state from past years proving no serious side effects of the immunization.
  4. Hint at preferential treatment of participating families at the State hospital.

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. 1 and 2 only

  4. 2, 3 and 4 only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Street plays with data (2) appeals through education and trusted voices. Numbers showing safety (3) provides evidence-based reassurance. Preferential treatment hint (4) creates incentive. Elders' appeal (1) is good but less systematic. Combining 2, 3, and 4 uses multiple strategies: education, evidence, and incentives.

Multiple choice

What is an “antitoxin”?

Directions: Emil von Behring and Kitasato devised a method of producing immunity to infections caused by organisms by injecting their toxins into animals so that an antitoxin would develop.

  1. A substance that inhibits the action of toxin.

  2. A substance that enhances the action of toxin.

  3. A substance that helps the toxin to work.

  4. A substance that neutralizes toxin.

  5. It has nothing to do with toxin.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Antitoxin is a substance that neutralizes toxin.

Multiple choice

Which antibodies could be detected on day 7 in both the strains of mice?

Directions: In an experiment on immune response of mice to allergens, dust mice allergen was exposed to two strains of mice – BALB/c mice (B) and Nude mice (N). The allergen was administered on day 0 and day 8 to both the strains of mice and allergen specific antibody produced was monitored and studied.

  1. Ig G (B) and Ig M (N)

  2. Ig M (B) and Ig M (N)

  3. Ig E (B) and Ig M (N)

  4. Ig A (B) and Ig G (N)

  5. both 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ig E is the antibodies first produced to an allergic reaction. Therefore BALB/c mice will produce Ig E. Since,  nude mice lacks thymus  Ig M will be produced from their B cells.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

  1. Mucus is a germ killing secretion.

  2. Saliva is a germ trapping secretion.

  3. Vaccine induces antigen production.

  4. Strong heat and boiling also act as disinfectants.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Strong heat and boiling also destroy the germs and may be called as physical disinfectants.

Multiple choice

Triple Antigen vaccine is given to children to protect them against

  1. Polio

  2. Contagious diseases

  3. Whooping cough

  4. Tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Triple Antigen (DPT) vaccine protects against three diseases: Diphtheria, Pertussis (whooping cough), and Tetanus. The question specifically asks which disease it protects against, and whooping cough (pertussis) is one of the three components. Polio and tuberculosis have separate vaccines (oral polio vaccine and BCG respectively).